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Albumin details
What Albumin shows
Albumin is the most abundant protein in your blood, made by the liver, and it serves two key roles: maintaining the right fluid balance between your blood vessels and surrounding tissues, and acting as a carrier that transports hormones, vitamins, minerals, and many medications through your bloodstream. It's included in both liver panels and comprehensive metabolic panels because low levels can signal several different problems: reduced liver production (chronic liver disease), excess loss through the kidneys (nephrotic syndrome) or gut, chronic inflammation, or poor nutritional status. Because it's affected by so many different systems, an abnormal albumin result is usually interpreted alongside other liver, kidney, and nutritional markers rather than on its own.
Normal ranges
Typical adult range
3.6–5.1 g/dL
Most labs report a range close to this
Hormunity optimal range
4.5–5 g/dL
A narrower functional target
Each lab sets its own reference range. Always compare your result with the range printed on your report, and review it with a healthcare provider.
Tests that include Albumin
Albumin is the most abundant protein in the blood plasma, produced by the liver. It plays a critical role in maintaining oncotic pressure (fluid balance between blood vessels and tissues) and serves as a carrier protein for hormones, drugs, and other substances.
Biomarkers
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
Albumin is the most abundant protein in the blood plasma, produced by the liver. It plays a critical role in maintaining oncotic pressure (fluid balance between blood vessels and tissues) and serves as a carrier protein for hormones, drugs, and other substances.
Biomarkers
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
This test checks for albumin (a type of protein) in your urine, which can indicate early signs of kidney disease. It's especially important for people with diabetes to monitor for any kidney damage.
Biomarkers
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
Albumin/Creatinine Ratio, Random Urine measures the albumin/creatinine ratio in a single urine sample. Urine albumin is used to screen for early renal disease in patients who have a high risk of developing it.
Biomarkers
- Albumin/Creatinine Ratio, Random A ratio of albumin to creatinine in a single urine sample, used to screen for and monitor early kidney damage without a 24-hour collection.
- Creatinine, Random Measures creatinine in a random urine sample, mainly used as a reference to adjust other urine results for how concentrated or dilute the sample is.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
Albumin/Creatinine Ratio, Random Urine measures the albumin/creatinine ratio in a single urine sample. Urine albumin is used to screen for early renal disease in patients who have a high risk of developing it.
Biomarkers
- Albumin/Creatinine Ratio, Random A ratio of albumin to creatinine in a single urine sample, used to screen for and monitor early kidney damage without a 24-hour collection.
- Creatinine, Random Measures creatinine in a random urine sample, mainly used as a reference to adjust other urine results for how concentrated or dilute the sample is.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
The Comprehensive Female Panel measures the levels of several hormones and other markers to provide a comprehensive assessment of a patient's health.
Biomarkers
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH) A pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation in women and stimulates testosterone production in men. Used to evaluate fertility, menstrual irregularities, and reproductive hormone disorders.
- HDL Cholesterol The 'good' cholesterol that helps remove excess cholesterol from your bloodstream. Higher levels are generally linked to lower cardiovascular risk.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) A liver enzyme released into the blood when liver cells are damaged. One of the main markers used to screen for liver inflammation or injury.
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) An enzyme found mainly in the liver and bones. High levels can signal liver disease, bile duct blockage, or bone conditions.
- Albumin/Globulin Ratio Compares your two main blood protein types, albumin and globulin. An abnormal ratio can point toward liver disease, kidney problems, or immune system conditions.
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), LC/MS Insulin-like growth factor 1, a hormone that reflects your average growth hormone activity over time. Used to evaluate growth hormone excess or deficiency.
- Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration — the average concentration of hemoglobin within your red blood cells, used to help classify types of anemia.
- Free Testosterone The small portion of your testosterone that's unbound and biologically active, considered a more accurate reflection of usable hormone than total testosterone.
- Ferritin Reflects your body's stored iron levels. Low levels point to iron deficiency; high levels can indicate iron overload or, since it's also an inflammation marker, other conditions.
- C-Reactive Protein, High Sensitivity (hs-CRP) A sensitive marker of low-grade inflammation in the body, commonly used to help assess cardiovascular disease risk.
- Hemoglobin The oxygen-carrying protein in your red blood cells. A core marker for diagnosing anemia and other blood disorders.
- Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimated glomerular filtration rate — a calculated estimate of how well your kidneys are filtering waste from your blood, based on creatinine and other factors.
- Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin — the average amount of hemoglobin per red blood cell, used to help classify types of anemia.
- Estradiol The main and most potent form of estrogen. Key for reproductive health in women and also present in men; used to evaluate menstrual, fertility, and hormone-related concerns.
- Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) Measures the average size of your platelets, the cells that help blood clot, and is read alongside your platelet count.
- BUN/Creatinine Ratio Compares two kidney-related waste markers to help distinguish the cause of abnormal kidney values, such as dehydration versus a kidney-specific problem.
- Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S) The sulfated, more stable form of DHEA. A reliable marker of adrenal androgen production, used to evaluate adrenal function and androgen excess.
- Potassium An essential electrolyte that plays a critical role in heart rhythm, muscle function, and nerve signaling.
- Total Protein The combined amount of all proteins in your blood, mainly albumin and globulins, used to help evaluate liver, kidney, and nutritional status.
- Bioavailable Testosterone The portion of your testosterone that's either free or loosely bound to albumin — the amount actually usable by your body's tissues.
- Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Red Cell Distribution Width — measures how much your red blood cells vary in size, helpful for narrowing down the cause of anemia.
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) A pituitary hormone that signals your thyroid to produce hormone. The primary screening test for both underactive and overactive thyroid conditions.
- Glucose Your blood sugar level at the time of the test — a core marker for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes and metabolic health.
- Red Blood Cell Count (RBC) Red blood cell count — the number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells in your blood, used to help diagnose anemia or polycythemia.
- Globulin A group of blood proteins that includes antibodies and various transport proteins. Assessed together with albumin to evaluate liver, kidney, and immune function.
- Sodium An essential electrolyte that regulates fluid balance, blood pressure, and nerve and muscle function.
- Total Cholesterol The combined measure of all cholesterol in your blood — HDL, LDL, and other lipoproteins together. A foundational marker of cardiovascular risk.
- Testosterone The primary male sex hormone, also present in women in smaller amounts. Evaluated for low testosterone symptoms, fertility, and reproductive hormone imbalances.
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) A pituitary hormone that drives egg development in women and sperm production in men. Key marker for fertility and menopause evaluation.
- Progesterone A hormone essential for the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Used to confirm ovulation, evaluate fertility, and monitor early pregnancy.
- Triglycerides A type of fat in your blood used for energy storage. Elevated levels are linked to increased cardiovascular risk and often reflect diet, weight, or metabolic health.
- Total Cholesterol / HDL Ratio Compares your total cholesterol to your HDL ('good') cholesterol, offering a quick snapshot of cardiovascular risk balance.
- Mean Corpuscular Volume Mean Corpuscular Volume — the average size of your red blood cells, a key value used to help determine the cause of anemia.
- Calcium Measures the total calcium in your blood, important for bone health, muscle function, nerve signaling, and blood clotting.
- Blood Urea Nitrogen Blood urea nitrogen, a waste product filtered by your kidneys. Used along with creatinine to assess kidney function and hydration status.
- Total Bilirubin The combined level of both processed and unprocessed bilirubin in your blood, a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown. Used to evaluate liver function and jaundice.
- LDL Cholesterol, Calculated The 'bad' cholesterol that can build up in artery walls. A core marker used to assess cardiovascular disease risk.
- Carbon Dioxide Reflects the bicarbonate level in your blood, a key part of your body's acid-base balance. Abnormal levels can point to metabolic or respiratory issues.
- Non-HDL Cholesterol Total cholesterol minus HDL — capturing all the potentially artery-clogging ('bad') cholesterol particles in one number.
- Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) A protein that binds and transports testosterone and estrogen in your blood, determining how much hormone is 'free' and active. Important for interpreting sex hormone results.
- White Blood Cell Count (WBC) White blood cell count — the total number of white blood cells in your blood, key immune cells. Used to help detect infection, inflammation, and other blood disorders.
- T4, Free (fT4) The unbound, biologically active portion of thyroxine (T4), your main thyroid hormone. A core marker for evaluating thyroid function.
- Z-Score Shows how far your IGF-1 result is from the average for people of your age and sex, measured in standard deviations.
- Platelet Count Cell fragments that help your blood clot. Counted to screen for bleeding or clotting risk and various blood disorders.
- Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) An enzyme found in the liver, heart, and muscles. Elevated levels can point to liver damage, though it's less liver-specific than ALT.
- Hematocrit The percentage of your blood volume made up of red blood cells. Used to help diagnose anemia or polycythemia (excess red blood cells).
- Chloride An electrolyte that works with sodium and potassium to maintain fluid balance and acid-base status in your body.
- Creatinine A waste product from muscle metabolism, filtered by your kidneys. One of the main markers used to assess kidney function.
- T3, Free (fT3) The unbound, biologically active portion of triiodothyronine (T3), the more potent thyroid hormone. Used to evaluate thyroid function.
This comprehensive panel evaluates key aspects of women's health, including hormone balance, thyroid function, cardiovascular health, inflammation, blood cell health, iron stores, metabolism, and liver and kidney function. It provides a broad overview of overall wellness and may help identify underlying imbalances that can affect energy, mood, metabolic health, reproductive health, and long-term health outcomes.
Biomarkers
- Red Blood Cell Count (RBC) Red blood cell count — the number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells in your blood, used to help diagnose anemia or polycythemia.
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) A pituitary hormone that drives egg development in women and sperm production in men. Key marker for fertility and menopause evaluation.
- Estradiol The main and most potent form of estrogen. Key for reproductive health in women and also present in men; used to evaluate menstrual, fertility, and hormone-related concerns.
- C-Reactive Protein, High Sensitivity (hs-CRP) A sensitive marker of low-grade inflammation in the body, commonly used to help assess cardiovascular disease risk.
- LDL Cholesterol, Calculated The 'bad' cholesterol that can build up in artery walls. A core marker used to assess cardiovascular disease risk.
- T3, Free (fT3) The unbound, biologically active portion of triiodothyronine (T3), the more potent thyroid hormone. Used to evaluate thyroid function.
- Creatinine A waste product from muscle metabolism, filtered by your kidneys. One of the main markers used to assess kidney function.
- Calcium Measures the total calcium in your blood, important for bone health, muscle function, nerve signaling, and blood clotting.
- Glucose Your blood sugar level at the time of the test — a core marker for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes and metabolic health.
- Hemoglobin The oxygen-carrying protein in your red blood cells. A core marker for diagnosing anemia and other blood disorders.
- White Blood Cell Count (WBC) White blood cell count — the total number of white blood cells in your blood, key immune cells. Used to help detect infection, inflammation, and other blood disorders.
- Platelet Count Cell fragments that help your blood clot. Counted to screen for bleeding or clotting risk and various blood disorders.
- Chloride An electrolyte that works with sodium and potassium to maintain fluid balance and acid-base status in your body.
- Progesterone A hormone essential for the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Used to confirm ovulation, evaluate fertility, and monitor early pregnancy.
- Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimated glomerular filtration rate — a calculated estimate of how well your kidneys are filtering waste from your blood, based on creatinine and other factors.
- Testosterone The primary male sex hormone, also present in women in smaller amounts. Evaluated for low testosterone symptoms, fertility, and reproductive hormone imbalances.
- Potassium An essential electrolyte that plays a critical role in heart rhythm, muscle function, and nerve signaling.
- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) A liver enzyme released into the blood when liver cells are damaged. One of the main markers used to screen for liver inflammation or injury.
- Sodium An essential electrolyte that regulates fluid balance, blood pressure, and nerve and muscle function.
- Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) An enzyme found in the liver, heart, and muscles. Elevated levels can point to liver damage, though it's less liver-specific than ALT.
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) An enzyme found mainly in the liver and bones. High levels can signal liver disease, bile duct blockage, or bone conditions.
- Total Protein The combined amount of all proteins in your blood, mainly albumin and globulins, used to help evaluate liver, kidney, and nutritional status.
- Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) A protein that binds and transports testosterone and estrogen in your blood, determining how much hormone is 'free' and active. Important for interpreting sex hormone results.
- Carbon Dioxide Reflects the bicarbonate level in your blood, a key part of your body's acid-base balance. Abnormal levels can point to metabolic or respiratory issues.
- Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S) The sulfated, more stable form of DHEA. A reliable marker of adrenal androgen production, used to evaluate adrenal function and androgen excess.
- BUN/Creatinine Ratio Compares two kidney-related waste markers to help distinguish the cause of abnormal kidney values, such as dehydration versus a kidney-specific problem.
- Total Bilirubin The combined level of both processed and unprocessed bilirubin in your blood, a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown. Used to evaluate liver function and jaundice.
- Blood Urea Nitrogen Blood urea nitrogen, a waste product filtered by your kidneys. Used along with creatinine to assess kidney function and hydration status.
- Albumin/Globulin Ratio Compares your two main blood protein types, albumin and globulin. An abnormal ratio can point toward liver disease, kidney problems, or immune system conditions.
- Cholesterol, Very Low Density Lipoprotein Estimates very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, a triglyceride-rich particle, usually calculated from triglycerides in a standard lipid panel.
- Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Red Cell Distribution Width — measures how much your red blood cells vary in size, helpful for narrowing down the cause of anemia.
- Free Testosterone The small portion of your testosterone that's unbound and biologically active, considered a more accurate reflection of usable hormone than total testosterone.
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), LC/MS Insulin-like growth factor 1, a hormone that reflects your average growth hormone activity over time. Used to evaluate growth hormone excess or deficiency.
- Hematocrit The percentage of your blood volume made up of red blood cells. Used to help diagnose anemia or polycythemia (excess red blood cells).
- Mean Corpuscular Volume Mean Corpuscular Volume — the average size of your red blood cells, a key value used to help determine the cause of anemia.
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) A pituitary hormone that signals your thyroid to produce hormone. The primary screening test for both underactive and overactive thyroid conditions.
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH) A pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation in women and stimulates testosterone production in men. Used to evaluate fertility, menstrual irregularities, and reproductive hormone disorders.
- Ferritin Reflects your body's stored iron levels. Low levels point to iron deficiency; high levels can indicate iron overload or, since it's also an inflammation marker, other conditions.
- Total Cholesterol The combined measure of all cholesterol in your blood — HDL, LDL, and other lipoproteins together. A foundational marker of cardiovascular risk.
- Triglycerides A type of fat in your blood used for energy storage. Elevated levels are linked to increased cardiovascular risk and often reflect diet, weight, or metabolic health.
- T4, Free (fT4) The unbound, biologically active portion of thyroxine (T4), your main thyroid hormone. A core marker for evaluating thyroid function.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin — the average amount of hemoglobin per red blood cell, used to help classify types of anemia.
- Globulin A group of blood proteins that includes antibodies and various transport proteins. Assessed together with albumin to evaluate liver, kidney, and immune function.
- Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration — the average concentration of hemoglobin within your red blood cells, used to help classify types of anemia.
- HDL Cholesterol The 'good' cholesterol that helps remove excess cholesterol from your bloodstream. Higher levels are generally linked to lower cardiovascular risk.
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) is a group of 14 blood tests that provide important information about metabolism, kidney and liver function, electrolyte and acid-base balance, blood sugar levels, and protein levels.
Biomarkers
- Carbon Dioxide Reflects the bicarbonate level in your blood, a key part of your body's acid-base balance. Abnormal levels can point to metabolic or respiratory issues.
- Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) An enzyme found in the liver, heart, and muscles. Elevated levels can point to liver damage, though it's less liver-specific than ALT.
- Blood Urea Nitrogen Blood urea nitrogen, a waste product filtered by your kidneys. Used along with creatinine to assess kidney function and hydration status.
- Glucose Your blood sugar level at the time of the test — a core marker for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes and metabolic health.
- Sodium An essential electrolyte that regulates fluid balance, blood pressure, and nerve and muscle function.
- Calcium Measures the total calcium in your blood, important for bone health, muscle function, nerve signaling, and blood clotting.
- Total Bilirubin The combined level of both processed and unprocessed bilirubin in your blood, a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown. Used to evaluate liver function and jaundice.
- Chloride An electrolyte that works with sodium and potassium to maintain fluid balance and acid-base status in your body.
- Globulin A group of blood proteins that includes antibodies and various transport proteins. Assessed together with albumin to evaluate liver, kidney, and immune function.
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) An enzyme found mainly in the liver and bones. High levels can signal liver disease, bile duct blockage, or bone conditions.
- Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimated glomerular filtration rate — a calculated estimate of how well your kidneys are filtering waste from your blood, based on creatinine and other factors.
- Total Protein The combined amount of all proteins in your blood, mainly albumin and globulins, used to help evaluate liver, kidney, and nutritional status.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Potassium An essential electrolyte that plays a critical role in heart rhythm, muscle function, and nerve signaling.
- Creatinine A waste product from muscle metabolism, filtered by your kidneys. One of the main markers used to assess kidney function.
- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) A liver enzyme released into the blood when liver cells are damaged. One of the main markers used to screen for liver inflammation or injury.
- BUN/Creatinine Ratio Compares two kidney-related waste markers to help distinguish the cause of abnormal kidney values, such as dehydration versus a kidney-specific problem.
This is a thorough blood test that checks for levels of various substances in your blood, such as electrolytes, calcium, phosphorus, and glucose. It also evaluates how well your kidneys and liver are working and your body's acid-base balance. This test is often part of a routine health check-up to spot any disorders, particularly those affecting the liver or kidneys.
Biomarkers
- Chloride An electrolyte that works with sodium and potassium to maintain fluid balance and acid-base status in your body.
- Carbon Dioxide Reflects the bicarbonate level in your blood, a key part of your body's acid-base balance. Abnormal levels can point to metabolic or respiratory issues.
- Creatinine A waste product from muscle metabolism, filtered by your kidneys. One of the main markers used to assess kidney function.
- Total Bilirubin The combined level of both processed and unprocessed bilirubin in your blood, a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown. Used to evaluate liver function and jaundice.
- Potassium An essential electrolyte that plays a critical role in heart rhythm, muscle function, and nerve signaling.
- Blood Urea Nitrogen Blood urea nitrogen, a waste product filtered by your kidneys. Used along with creatinine to assess kidney function and hydration status.
- Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimated glomerular filtration rate — a calculated estimate of how well your kidneys are filtering waste from your blood, based on creatinine and other factors.
- Albumin/Globulin Ratio Compares your two main blood protein types, albumin and globulin. An abnormal ratio can point toward liver disease, kidney problems, or immune system conditions.
- Sodium An essential electrolyte that regulates fluid balance, blood pressure, and nerve and muscle function.
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) An enzyme found mainly in the liver and bones. High levels can signal liver disease, bile duct blockage, or bone conditions.
- BUN/Creatinine Ratio Compares two kidney-related waste markers to help distinguish the cause of abnormal kidney values, such as dehydration versus a kidney-specific problem.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Globulin A group of blood proteins that includes antibodies and various transport proteins. Assessed together with albumin to evaluate liver, kidney, and immune function.
- Calcium Measures the total calcium in your blood, important for bone health, muscle function, nerve signaling, and blood clotting.
- Total Protein The combined amount of all proteins in your blood, mainly albumin and globulins, used to help evaluate liver, kidney, and nutritional status.
- Glucose Your blood sugar level at the time of the test — a core marker for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes and metabolic health.
- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) A liver enzyme released into the blood when liver cells are damaged. One of the main markers used to screen for liver inflammation or injury.
- Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) An enzyme found in the liver, heart, and muscles. Elevated levels can point to liver damage, though it's less liver-specific than ALT.
This is a thorough test that checks for various conditions by analyzing your blood levels of electrolytes, calcium, phosphorus, glucose, and more. It helps in assessing your kidney and liver function, as well as your body's acid-base balance. This test is often part of a routine health check-up to spot any disorders, particularly those affecting the liver or kidneys.
Biomarkers
- Albumin/Globulin Ratio Compares your two main blood protein types, albumin and globulin. An abnormal ratio can point toward liver disease, kidney problems, or immune system conditions.
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) An enzyme found mainly in the liver and bones. High levels can signal liver disease, bile duct blockage, or bone conditions.
- Potassium An essential electrolyte that plays a critical role in heart rhythm, muscle function, and nerve signaling.
- Sodium An essential electrolyte that regulates fluid balance, blood pressure, and nerve and muscle function.
- Calcium Measures the total calcium in your blood, important for bone health, muscle function, nerve signaling, and blood clotting.
- Total Protein The combined amount of all proteins in your blood, mainly albumin and globulins, used to help evaluate liver, kidney, and nutritional status.
- Globulin A group of blood proteins that includes antibodies and various transport proteins. Assessed together with albumin to evaluate liver, kidney, and immune function.
- Blood Urea Nitrogen Blood urea nitrogen, a waste product filtered by your kidneys. Used along with creatinine to assess kidney function and hydration status.
- BUN/Creatinine Ratio Compares two kidney-related waste markers to help distinguish the cause of abnormal kidney values, such as dehydration versus a kidney-specific problem.
- Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) An enzyme found in the liver, heart, and muscles. Elevated levels can point to liver damage, though it's less liver-specific than ALT.
- Carbon Dioxide Reflects the bicarbonate level in your blood, a key part of your body's acid-base balance. Abnormal levels can point to metabolic or respiratory issues.
- Chloride An electrolyte that works with sodium and potassium to maintain fluid balance and acid-base status in your body.
- Creatinine A waste product from muscle metabolism, filtered by your kidneys. One of the main markers used to assess kidney function.
- Glucose Your blood sugar level at the time of the test — a core marker for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes and metabolic health.
- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) A liver enzyme released into the blood when liver cells are damaged. One of the main markers used to screen for liver inflammation or injury.
- Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimated glomerular filtration rate — a calculated estimate of how well your kidneys are filtering waste from your blood, based on creatinine and other factors.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Calcium (Adjusted For Albumin) A calculated calcium value that corrects your total calcium for your albumin level, giving a better estimate of calcium status when albumin is abnormal.
- Total Bilirubin The combined level of both processed and unprocessed bilirubin in your blood, a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown. Used to evaluate liver function and jaundice.
This is a set of tests that gives a broad overview of your body's chemical balance and metabolism. It checks your blood's levels of important substances like electrolytes, calcium, phosphorus, and glucose. It also looks at how well your kidneys and liver are working and your body's acid-base balance. This panel is often part of a routine health check to spot any disorders, especially those affecting the liver or kidneys.
Biomarkers
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) An enzyme found mainly in the liver and bones. High levels can signal liver disease, bile duct blockage, or bone conditions.
- Albumin/Globulin Ratio Compares your two main blood protein types, albumin and globulin. An abnormal ratio can point toward liver disease, kidney problems, or immune system conditions.
- Total Bilirubin The combined level of both processed and unprocessed bilirubin in your blood, a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown. Used to evaluate liver function and jaundice.
- Creatinine A waste product from muscle metabolism, filtered by your kidneys. One of the main markers used to assess kidney function.
- Chloride An electrolyte that works with sodium and potassium to maintain fluid balance and acid-base status in your body.
- Calcium Measures the total calcium in your blood, important for bone health, muscle function, nerve signaling, and blood clotting.
- Potassium An essential electrolyte that plays a critical role in heart rhythm, muscle function, and nerve signaling.
- BUN/Creatinine Ratio Compares two kidney-related waste markers to help distinguish the cause of abnormal kidney values, such as dehydration versus a kidney-specific problem.
- Total Protein The combined amount of all proteins in your blood, mainly albumin and globulins, used to help evaluate liver, kidney, and nutritional status.
- Blood Urea Nitrogen Blood urea nitrogen, a waste product filtered by your kidneys. Used along with creatinine to assess kidney function and hydration status.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimated glomerular filtration rate — a calculated estimate of how well your kidneys are filtering waste from your blood, based on creatinine and other factors.
- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) A liver enzyme released into the blood when liver cells are damaged. One of the main markers used to screen for liver inflammation or injury.
- Carbon Dioxide Reflects the bicarbonate level in your blood, a key part of your body's acid-base balance. Abnormal levels can point to metabolic or respiratory issues.
- Globulin A group of blood proteins that includes antibodies and various transport proteins. Assessed together with albumin to evaluate liver, kidney, and immune function.
- Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) An enzyme found in the liver, heart, and muscles. Elevated levels can point to liver damage, though it's less liver-specific than ALT.
- Glucose Your blood sugar level at the time of the test — a core marker for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes and metabolic health.
- Sodium An essential electrolyte that regulates fluid balance, blood pressure, and nerve and muscle function.
This is a group of tests that checks for levels of certain substances in your blood. It includes tests for electrolytes (like sodium and potassium), calcium, phosphorus, glucose, and tests that show how well your kidneys and liver are working. This panel helps find conditions that can affect your liver or kidneys, among other things. It's often part of a regular health check-up.
Biomarkers
- Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) An enzyme found in the liver, heart, and muscles. Elevated levels can point to liver damage, though it's less liver-specific than ALT.
- Potassium An essential electrolyte that plays a critical role in heart rhythm, muscle function, and nerve signaling.
- Sodium An essential electrolyte that regulates fluid balance, blood pressure, and nerve and muscle function.
- Total Bilirubin The combined level of both processed and unprocessed bilirubin in your blood, a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown. Used to evaluate liver function and jaundice.
- Calcium Measures the total calcium in your blood, important for bone health, muscle function, nerve signaling, and blood clotting.
- Creatinine A waste product from muscle metabolism, filtered by your kidneys. One of the main markers used to assess kidney function.
- Albumin/Globulin Ratio Compares your two main blood protein types, albumin and globulin. An abnormal ratio can point toward liver disease, kidney problems, or immune system conditions.
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) An enzyme found mainly in the liver and bones. High levels can signal liver disease, bile duct blockage, or bone conditions.
- Carbon Dioxide Reflects the bicarbonate level in your blood, a key part of your body's acid-base balance. Abnormal levels can point to metabolic or respiratory issues.
- Globulin A group of blood proteins that includes antibodies and various transport proteins. Assessed together with albumin to evaluate liver, kidney, and immune function.
- Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimated glomerular filtration rate — a calculated estimate of how well your kidneys are filtering waste from your blood, based on creatinine and other factors.
- Total Protein The combined amount of all proteins in your blood, mainly albumin and globulins, used to help evaluate liver, kidney, and nutritional status.
- Glucose Your blood sugar level at the time of the test — a core marker for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes and metabolic health.
- Chloride An electrolyte that works with sodium and potassium to maintain fluid balance and acid-base status in your body.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Blood Urea Nitrogen Blood urea nitrogen, a waste product filtered by your kidneys. Used along with creatinine to assess kidney function and hydration status.
- BUN/Creatinine Ratio Compares two kidney-related waste markers to help distinguish the cause of abnormal kidney values, such as dehydration versus a kidney-specific problem.
This is a series of tests that give a broad overview of your body's chemical balance and metabolism. It checks your blood for levels of certain minerals (electrolytes), calcium, phosphorus, and sugar (glucose), and assesses kidney and liver function, along with acid-base balance. This panel is often part of a routine health check to spot any disorders, particularly those affecting the liver or kidneys.
Biomarkers
- Glucose Your blood sugar level at the time of the test — a core marker for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes and metabolic health.
- Creatinine A waste product from muscle metabolism, filtered by your kidneys. One of the main markers used to assess kidney function.
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) An enzyme found mainly in the liver and bones. High levels can signal liver disease, bile duct blockage, or bone conditions.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Total Bilirubin The combined level of both processed and unprocessed bilirubin in your blood, a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown. Used to evaluate liver function and jaundice.
- Blood Urea Nitrogen Blood urea nitrogen, a waste product filtered by your kidneys. Used along with creatinine to assess kidney function and hydration status.
- Albumin/Globulin Ratio Compares your two main blood protein types, albumin and globulin. An abnormal ratio can point toward liver disease, kidney problems, or immune system conditions.
- Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimated glomerular filtration rate — a calculated estimate of how well your kidneys are filtering waste from your blood, based on creatinine and other factors.
- Sodium An essential electrolyte that regulates fluid balance, blood pressure, and nerve and muscle function.
- Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) An enzyme found in the liver, heart, and muscles. Elevated levels can point to liver damage, though it's less liver-specific than ALT.
- Total Protein The combined amount of all proteins in your blood, mainly albumin and globulins, used to help evaluate liver, kidney, and nutritional status.
- Potassium An essential electrolyte that plays a critical role in heart rhythm, muscle function, and nerve signaling.
- Globulin A group of blood proteins that includes antibodies and various transport proteins. Assessed together with albumin to evaluate liver, kidney, and immune function.
- Chloride An electrolyte that works with sodium and potassium to maintain fluid balance and acid-base status in your body.
- BUN/Creatinine Ratio Compares two kidney-related waste markers to help distinguish the cause of abnormal kidney values, such as dehydration versus a kidney-specific problem.
- Calcium Measures the total calcium in your blood, important for bone health, muscle function, nerve signaling, and blood clotting.
This comprehensive panel assesses biomarkers related to hormonal health, thyroid function, metabolism, cardiovascular health, inflammation, nutrient status, and environmental exposures. The results can help provide a broader picture of overall health and support personalized wellness and treatment strategies.
Biomarkers
- Magnesium Measures magnesium, a mineral essential for muscle, nerve, heart, and bone function.
- LDL Particle Number LDL particle number — counts your actual LDL ('bad' cholesterol) particles rather than just the cholesterol they carry, often a stronger cardiovascular risk indicator than standard LDL cholesterol.
- Large VLDL-P Counts the largest VLDL particles, which carry a high amount of triglycerides and are associated with greater cardiovascular risk.
- VLDL Size Measures the average size of your VLDL particles, used alongside particle number for a more detailed cardiovascular risk assessment.
- Rh Type Identifies whether your blood is Rh-positive or Rh-negative, an important factor for blood transfusions and pregnancy management.
- HDL Size Measures the average size of your HDL ('good' cholesterol) particles, used alongside particle number for a more detailed cardiovascular risk assessment.
- Lipase An enzyme that helps digest fat, produced mainly by the pancreas. Elevated levels are a key marker for pancreatitis.
- Zinc Measures zinc, a trace mineral essential for immune function, wound healing, and taste/smell.
- Iron % Saturation The percentage of transferrin (your iron-carrying protein) that's currently occupied by iron — a key marker for detecting iron deficiency or overload.
- Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity — reflects how much additional iron your blood's transferrin could still carry, used with iron and TIBC to assess iron status.
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) A pituitary hormone that drives egg development in women and sperm production in men. Key marker for fertility and menopause evaluation.
- Free Testosterone The small portion of your testosterone that's unbound and biologically active, considered a more accurate reflection of usable hormone than total testosterone.
- Mercury Measures mercury levels in your blood, used to assess exposure to this toxic heavy metal, often from certain fish or environmental sources.
- Ferritin Reflects your body's stored iron levels. Low levels point to iron deficiency; high levels can indicate iron overload or, since it's also an inflammation marker, other conditions.
- C-Reactive Protein, High Sensitivity (hs-CRP) A sensitive marker of low-grade inflammation in the body, commonly used to help assess cardiovascular disease risk.
- Estradiol The main and most potent form of estrogen. Key for reproductive health in women and also present in men; used to evaluate menstrual, fertility, and hormone-related concerns.
- LDL Small Measures small, dense LDL particles, a lipid subfraction associated with higher cardiovascular risk and insulin resistance.
- Rheumatoid Factor Measures rheumatoid factor, an autoantibody often found in rheumatoid arthritis, used with other tests to help evaluate joint pain and inflammation.
- Lipoprotein(a) A genetically-determined, LDL-like particle. Elevated levels are an independent, largely inherited risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
- Iron, Total Measures the iron circulating in your blood, used along with other markers (like ferritin and TIBC) to evaluate for iron deficiency or overload.
- Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) Total Iron-Binding Capacity — reflects how much transferrin (the iron-carrying protein) is available in your blood, used with iron and ferritin to evaluate iron status.
- LP-IR Score Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Score — a composite score derived from lipoprotein particle measurements that estimates insulin resistance.
- Amylase An enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates, produced mainly by the pancreas and salivary glands. Elevated levels can signal pancreatitis or salivary gland problems.
- Testosterone The primary male sex hormone, also present in women in smaller amounts. Evaluated for low testosterone symptoms, fertility, and reproductive hormone imbalances.
- Methylmalonic Acid A compound that builds up when vitamin B12 is deficient. A more sensitive marker of B12 status than a B12 blood level alone.
- Homocysteine An amino acid byproduct of protein metabolism. Elevated levels are linked to increased cardiovascular risk and can reflect low B vitamin (B12, folate, B6) status.
- Uric Acid A waste product from the breakdown of purines. Elevated levels are linked to gout and kidney stones, and can also reflect metabolic health.
- Leptin A hormone released by fat cells that helps regulate appetite and energy balance. Levels generally rise with increased body fat.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) A protein that binds and transports testosterone and estrogen in your blood, determining how much hormone is 'free' and active. Important for interpreting sex hormone results.
- T3, Free (fT3) The unbound, biologically active portion of triiodothyronine (T3), the more potent thyroid hormone. Used to evaluate thyroid function.
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH) A pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation in women and stimulates testosterone production in men. Used to evaluate fertility, menstrual irregularities, and reproductive hormone disorders.
- Antinuclear Antibodies Antibodies that target structures inside your own cells' nuclei. A positive result is a key screening marker for autoimmune conditions like lupus.
- HDL Particle Number (HDL-P) HDL particle number — counts your actual HDL ('good' cholesterol) particles rather than just the cholesterol they carry, offering a more detailed cardiovascular risk picture.
- Cortisol, Total Your main stress hormone, produced by the adrenal glands. Reflects adrenal function and helps evaluate conditions like Cushing's syndrome or adrenal insufficiency.
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) A pituitary hormone that signals your thyroid to produce hormone. The primary screening test for both underactive and overactive thyroid conditions.
- Vitamin D, 25-OH, Total The combined measure of both major forms of vitamin D (D2 and D3) in your blood — the standard test used to assess overall vitamin D status.
- HDL Large The concentration of large HDL particles in your blood, measured as part of an advanced lipid panel to add detail on cardiovascular risk.
- Thyroglobulin Antibodies (Anti-Tg) An autoantibody against thyroglobulin. Elevated levels are associated with autoimmune thyroid conditions like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and checked before using thyroglobulin to monitor thyroid cancer.
- Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Gamma-glutamyl transferase, a liver enzyme sensitive to bile duct problems and alcohol use, often used alongside other liver tests.
- LDL Size Measures the average size of your LDL ('bad' cholesterol) particles; smaller, denser particles are considered more likely to contribute to artery plaque.
- Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (Anti-TPO) An autoantibody that's the most common marker of autoimmune thyroid disease, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease.
- ABO Group Identifies your blood type (A, B, AB, or O) based on antigens on your red blood cells. Essential for safely matching blood for transfusions or transplants.
- T4, Free (fT4) The unbound, biologically active portion of thyroxine (T4), your main thyroid hormone. A core marker for evaluating thyroid function.
- Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S) The sulfated, more stable form of DHEA. A reliable marker of adrenal androgen production, used to evaluate adrenal function and androgen excess.
- Apolipoprotein B The main protein found on LDL and other 'bad' cholesterol particles. Considered a strong indicator of cardiovascular risk, since each particle carries one ApoB molecule.
- Prolactin A pituitary hormone best known for stimulating milk production; also checked to evaluate menstrual irregularities, fertility issues, or pituitary conditions in men and women.
- Lead (Venous) Measures lead levels in your blood, used to assess exposure to this toxic heavy metal.
This comprehensive panel assesses biomarkers related to hormonal health, thyroid function, metabolism, cardiovascular health, inflammation, nutrient status, and environmental exposures. The results can help provide a broader picture of overall health and support personalized wellness and treatment strategies.
Biomarkers
- Testosterone The primary male sex hormone, also present in women in smaller amounts. Evaluated for low testosterone symptoms, fertility, and reproductive hormone imbalances.
- T4, Free (fT4) The unbound, biologically active portion of thyroxine (T4), your main thyroid hormone. A core marker for evaluating thyroid function.
- Free Testosterone The small portion of your testosterone that's unbound and biologically active, considered a more accurate reflection of usable hormone than total testosterone.
- HDL Large The concentration of large HDL particles in your blood, measured as part of an advanced lipid panel to add detail on cardiovascular risk.
- Methylmalonic Acid A compound that builds up when vitamin B12 is deficient. A more sensitive marker of B12 status than a B12 blood level alone.
- Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (Anti-TPO) An autoantibody that's the most common marker of autoimmune thyroid disease, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease.
- Rh Type Identifies whether your blood is Rh-positive or Rh-negative, an important factor for blood transfusions and pregnancy management.
- Rheumatoid Factor Measures rheumatoid factor, an autoantibody often found in rheumatoid arthritis, used with other tests to help evaluate joint pain and inflammation.
- VLDL Size Measures the average size of your VLDL particles, used alongside particle number for a more detailed cardiovascular risk assessment.
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) A protein made by the prostate gland. Used to help screen for and monitor prostate cancer, though it can also rise with benign prostate conditions.
- Uric Acid A waste product from the breakdown of purines. Elevated levels are linked to gout and kidney stones, and can also reflect metabolic health.
- HDL Size Measures the average size of your HDL ('good' cholesterol) particles, used alongside particle number for a more detailed cardiovascular risk assessment.
- Amylase An enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates, produced mainly by the pancreas and salivary glands. Elevated levels can signal pancreatitis or salivary gland problems.
- Zinc Measures zinc, a trace mineral essential for immune function, wound healing, and taste/smell.
- Mercury Measures mercury levels in your blood, used to assess exposure to this toxic heavy metal, often from certain fish or environmental sources.
- Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) A protein that binds and transports testosterone and estrogen in your blood, determining how much hormone is 'free' and active. Important for interpreting sex hormone results.
- Lipoprotein(a) A genetically-determined, LDL-like particle. Elevated levels are an independent, largely inherited risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
- HDL Particle Number (HDL-P) HDL particle number — counts your actual HDL ('good' cholesterol) particles rather than just the cholesterol they carry, offering a more detailed cardiovascular risk picture.
- LDL Small Measures small, dense LDL particles, a lipid subfraction associated with higher cardiovascular risk and insulin resistance.
- ABO Group Identifies your blood type (A, B, AB, or O) based on antigens on your red blood cells. Essential for safely matching blood for transfusions or transplants.
- Magnesium Measures magnesium, a mineral essential for muscle, nerve, heart, and bone function.
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), % Free The percentage of your PSA that's unbound to blood proteins. A lower percentage raises suspicion for prostate cancer, helping refine an elevated total PSA result.
- Apolipoprotein B The main protein found on LDL and other 'bad' cholesterol particles. Considered a strong indicator of cardiovascular risk, since each particle carries one ApoB molecule.
- LDL Size Measures the average size of your LDL ('bad' cholesterol) particles; smaller, denser particles are considered more likely to contribute to artery plaque.
- Homocysteine An amino acid byproduct of protein metabolism. Elevated levels are linked to increased cardiovascular risk and can reflect low B vitamin (B12, folate, B6) status.
- Antinuclear Antibodies Antibodies that target structures inside your own cells' nuclei. A positive result is a key screening marker for autoimmune conditions like lupus.
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH) A pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation in women and stimulates testosterone production in men. Used to evaluate fertility, menstrual irregularities, and reproductive hormone disorders.
- Cortisol, Total Your main stress hormone, produced by the adrenal glands. Reflects adrenal function and helps evaluate conditions like Cushing's syndrome or adrenal insufficiency.
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) A pituitary hormone that drives egg development in women and sperm production in men. Key marker for fertility and menopause evaluation.
- Lead (Venous) Measures lead levels in your blood, used to assess exposure to this toxic heavy metal.
- Ferritin Reflects your body's stored iron levels. Low levels point to iron deficiency; high levels can indicate iron overload or, since it's also an inflammation marker, other conditions.
- T3, Free (fT3) The unbound, biologically active portion of triiodothyronine (T3), the more potent thyroid hormone. Used to evaluate thyroid function.
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), Free The unbound portion of prostate-specific antigen. Used alongside total PSA to help assess prostate cancer risk, especially when total PSA is borderline.
- C-Reactive Protein, High Sensitivity (hs-CRP) A sensitive marker of low-grade inflammation in the body, commonly used to help assess cardiovascular disease risk.
- Iron % Saturation The percentage of transferrin (your iron-carrying protein) that's currently occupied by iron — a key marker for detecting iron deficiency or overload.
- Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S) The sulfated, more stable form of DHEA. A reliable marker of adrenal androgen production, used to evaluate adrenal function and androgen excess.
- Thyroglobulin Antibodies (Anti-Tg) An autoantibody against thyroglobulin. Elevated levels are associated with autoimmune thyroid conditions like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and checked before using thyroglobulin to monitor thyroid cancer.
- Large VLDL-P Counts the largest VLDL particles, which carry a high amount of triglycerides and are associated with greater cardiovascular risk.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- LP-IR Score Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Score — a composite score derived from lipoprotein particle measurements that estimates insulin resistance.
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) A pituitary hormone that signals your thyroid to produce hormone. The primary screening test for both underactive and overactive thyroid conditions.
- Lipase An enzyme that helps digest fat, produced mainly by the pancreas. Elevated levels are a key marker for pancreatitis.
- Vitamin D, 25-OH, Total The combined measure of both major forms of vitamin D (D2 and D3) in your blood — the standard test used to assess overall vitamin D status.
- Iron, Total Measures the iron circulating in your blood, used along with other markers (like ferritin and TIBC) to evaluate for iron deficiency or overload.
- Estradiol The main and most potent form of estrogen. Key for reproductive health in women and also present in men; used to evaluate menstrual, fertility, and hormone-related concerns.
- Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Gamma-glutamyl transferase, a liver enzyme sensitive to bile duct problems and alcohol use, often used alongside other liver tests.
- Leptin A hormone released by fat cells that helps regulate appetite and energy balance. Levels generally rise with increased body fat.
- Prolactin A pituitary hormone best known for stimulating milk production; also checked to evaluate menstrual irregularities, fertility issues, or pituitary conditions in men and women.
- Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity — reflects how much additional iron your blood's transferrin could still carry, used with iron and TIBC to assess iron status.
- LDL Particle Number LDL particle number — counts your actual LDL ('bad' cholesterol) particles rather than just the cholesterol they carry, often a stronger cardiovascular risk indicator than standard LDL cholesterol.
- Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) Total Iron-Binding Capacity — reflects how much transferrin (the iron-carrying protein) is available in your blood, used with iron and ferritin to evaluate iron status.
This comprehensive panel assesses biomarkers related to hormonal health, thyroid function, metabolism, cardiovascular health, inflammation, nutrient status, and environmental exposures. The results can help provide a broader picture of overall health and support personalized wellness and treatment strategies.
Biomarkers
- ABO Group Identifies your blood type (A, B, AB, or O) based on antigens on your red blood cells. Essential for safely matching blood for transfusions or transplants.
- Magnesium Measures magnesium, a mineral essential for muscle, nerve, heart, and bone function.
- LDL Particle Number LDL particle number — counts your actual LDL ('bad' cholesterol) particles rather than just the cholesterol they carry, often a stronger cardiovascular risk indicator than standard LDL cholesterol.
- Leptin A hormone released by fat cells that helps regulate appetite and energy balance. Levels generally rise with increased body fat.
- Vitamin D, 25-OH, Total The combined measure of both major forms of vitamin D (D2 and D3) in your blood — the standard test used to assess overall vitamin D status.
- Rheumatoid Factor Measures rheumatoid factor, an autoantibody often found in rheumatoid arthritis, used with other tests to help evaluate joint pain and inflammation.
- Iron, Total Measures the iron circulating in your blood, used along with other markers (like ferritin and TIBC) to evaluate for iron deficiency or overload.
- Homocysteine An amino acid byproduct of protein metabolism. Elevated levels are linked to increased cardiovascular risk and can reflect low B vitamin (B12, folate, B6) status.
- Estradiol The main and most potent form of estrogen. Key for reproductive health in women and also present in men; used to evaluate menstrual, fertility, and hormone-related concerns.
- Antinuclear Antibodies Antibodies that target structures inside your own cells' nuclei. A positive result is a key screening marker for autoimmune conditions like lupus.
- HDL Size Measures the average size of your HDL ('good' cholesterol) particles, used alongside particle number for a more detailed cardiovascular risk assessment.
- LP-IR Score Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Score — a composite score derived from lipoprotein particle measurements that estimates insulin resistance.
- Large VLDL-P Counts the largest VLDL particles, which carry a high amount of triglycerides and are associated with greater cardiovascular risk.
- Testosterone The primary male sex hormone, also present in women in smaller amounts. Evaluated for low testosterone symptoms, fertility, and reproductive hormone imbalances.
- Zinc Measures zinc, a trace mineral essential for immune function, wound healing, and taste/smell.
- Prolactin A pituitary hormone best known for stimulating milk production; also checked to evaluate menstrual irregularities, fertility issues, or pituitary conditions in men and women.
- Iron % Saturation The percentage of transferrin (your iron-carrying protein) that's currently occupied by iron — a key marker for detecting iron deficiency or overload.
- Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) A protein that binds and transports testosterone and estrogen in your blood, determining how much hormone is 'free' and active. Important for interpreting sex hormone results.
- HDL Particle Number (HDL-P) HDL particle number — counts your actual HDL ('good' cholesterol) particles rather than just the cholesterol they carry, offering a more detailed cardiovascular risk picture.
- Thyroglobulin Antibodies (Anti-Tg) An autoantibody against thyroglobulin. Elevated levels are associated with autoimmune thyroid conditions like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and checked before using thyroglobulin to monitor thyroid cancer.
- Methylmalonic Acid A compound that builds up when vitamin B12 is deficient. A more sensitive marker of B12 status than a B12 blood level alone.
- LDL Size Measures the average size of your LDL ('bad' cholesterol) particles; smaller, denser particles are considered more likely to contribute to artery plaque.
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) A pituitary hormone that signals your thyroid to produce hormone. The primary screening test for both underactive and overactive thyroid conditions.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Amylase An enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates, produced mainly by the pancreas and salivary glands. Elevated levels can signal pancreatitis or salivary gland problems.
- Uric Acid A waste product from the breakdown of purines. Elevated levels are linked to gout and kidney stones, and can also reflect metabolic health.
- Free Testosterone The small portion of your testosterone that's unbound and biologically active, considered a more accurate reflection of usable hormone than total testosterone.
- Ferritin Reflects your body's stored iron levels. Low levels point to iron deficiency; high levels can indicate iron overload or, since it's also an inflammation marker, other conditions.
- LDL Small Measures small, dense LDL particles, a lipid subfraction associated with higher cardiovascular risk and insulin resistance.
- Lipase An enzyme that helps digest fat, produced mainly by the pancreas. Elevated levels are a key marker for pancreatitis.
- T4, Free (fT4) The unbound, biologically active portion of thyroxine (T4), your main thyroid hormone. A core marker for evaluating thyroid function.
- Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) A hormone produced by developing egg follicles that reflects ovarian reserve — an estimate of how many eggs remain. Commonly used in fertility evaluations.
- Lead (Venous) Measures lead levels in your blood, used to assess exposure to this toxic heavy metal.
- Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Gamma-glutamyl transferase, a liver enzyme sensitive to bile duct problems and alcohol use, often used alongside other liver tests.
- VLDL Size Measures the average size of your VLDL particles, used alongside particle number for a more detailed cardiovascular risk assessment.
- C-Reactive Protein, High Sensitivity (hs-CRP) A sensitive marker of low-grade inflammation in the body, commonly used to help assess cardiovascular disease risk.
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) A pituitary hormone that drives egg development in women and sperm production in men. Key marker for fertility and menopause evaluation.
- Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) Total Iron-Binding Capacity — reflects how much transferrin (the iron-carrying protein) is available in your blood, used with iron and ferritin to evaluate iron status.
- Rh Type Identifies whether your blood is Rh-positive or Rh-negative, an important factor for blood transfusions and pregnancy management.
- Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S) The sulfated, more stable form of DHEA. A reliable marker of adrenal androgen production, used to evaluate adrenal function and androgen excess.
- Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity — reflects how much additional iron your blood's transferrin could still carry, used with iron and TIBC to assess iron status.
- Mercury Measures mercury levels in your blood, used to assess exposure to this toxic heavy metal, often from certain fish or environmental sources.
- HDL Large The concentration of large HDL particles in your blood, measured as part of an advanced lipid panel to add detail on cardiovascular risk.
- T3, Free (fT3) The unbound, biologically active portion of triiodothyronine (T3), the more potent thyroid hormone. Used to evaluate thyroid function.
- Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (Anti-TPO) An autoantibody that's the most common marker of autoimmune thyroid disease, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease.
- Cortisol, Total Your main stress hormone, produced by the adrenal glands. Reflects adrenal function and helps evaluate conditions like Cushing's syndrome or adrenal insufficiency.
- Lipoprotein(a) A genetically-determined, LDL-like particle. Elevated levels are an independent, largely inherited risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
- Apolipoprotein B The main protein found on LDL and other 'bad' cholesterol particles. Considered a strong indicator of cardiovascular risk, since each particle carries one ApoB molecule.
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH) A pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation in women and stimulates testosterone production in men. Used to evaluate fertility, menstrual irregularities, and reproductive hormone disorders.
This comprehensive panel assesses biomarkers related to hormonal health, thyroid function, metabolism, cardiovascular health, inflammation, nutrient status, and environmental exposures. The results can help provide a broader picture of overall health and support personalized wellness and treatment strategies.
Biomarkers
- Leptin A hormone released by fat cells that helps regulate appetite and energy balance. Levels generally rise with increased body fat.
- LP-IR Score Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Score — a composite score derived from lipoprotein particle measurements that estimates insulin resistance.
- HDL Large The concentration of large HDL particles in your blood, measured as part of an advanced lipid panel to add detail on cardiovascular risk.
- Thyroglobulin Antibodies (Anti-Tg) An autoantibody against thyroglobulin. Elevated levels are associated with autoimmune thyroid conditions like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and checked before using thyroglobulin to monitor thyroid cancer.
- Iron % Saturation The percentage of transferrin (your iron-carrying protein) that's currently occupied by iron — a key marker for detecting iron deficiency or overload.
- Apolipoprotein B The main protein found on LDL and other 'bad' cholesterol particles. Considered a strong indicator of cardiovascular risk, since each particle carries one ApoB molecule.
- Methylmalonic Acid A compound that builds up when vitamin B12 is deficient. A more sensitive marker of B12 status than a B12 blood level alone.
- Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S) The sulfated, more stable form of DHEA. A reliable marker of adrenal androgen production, used to evaluate adrenal function and androgen excess.
- Uric Acid A waste product from the breakdown of purines. Elevated levels are linked to gout and kidney stones, and can also reflect metabolic health.
- Free Testosterone The small portion of your testosterone that's unbound and biologically active, considered a more accurate reflection of usable hormone than total testosterone.
- C-Reactive Protein, High Sensitivity (hs-CRP) A sensitive marker of low-grade inflammation in the body, commonly used to help assess cardiovascular disease risk.
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) A protein made by the prostate gland. Used to help screen for and monitor prostate cancer, though it can also rise with benign prostate conditions.
- LDL Small Measures small, dense LDL particles, a lipid subfraction associated with higher cardiovascular risk and insulin resistance.
- Testosterone The primary male sex hormone, also present in women in smaller amounts. Evaluated for low testosterone symptoms, fertility, and reproductive hormone imbalances.
- ABO Group Identifies your blood type (A, B, AB, or O) based on antigens on your red blood cells. Essential for safely matching blood for transfusions or transplants.
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) A pituitary hormone that drives egg development in women and sperm production in men. Key marker for fertility and menopause evaluation.
- Amylase An enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates, produced mainly by the pancreas and salivary glands. Elevated levels can signal pancreatitis or salivary gland problems.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- HDL Size Measures the average size of your HDL ('good' cholesterol) particles, used alongside particle number for a more detailed cardiovascular risk assessment.
- Ferritin Reflects your body's stored iron levels. Low levels point to iron deficiency; high levels can indicate iron overload or, since it's also an inflammation marker, other conditions.
- Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) Total Iron-Binding Capacity — reflects how much transferrin (the iron-carrying protein) is available in your blood, used with iron and ferritin to evaluate iron status.
- Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) A protein that binds and transports testosterone and estrogen in your blood, determining how much hormone is 'free' and active. Important for interpreting sex hormone results.
- Prolactin A pituitary hormone best known for stimulating milk production; also checked to evaluate menstrual irregularities, fertility issues, or pituitary conditions in men and women.
- Large VLDL-P Counts the largest VLDL particles, which carry a high amount of triglycerides and are associated with greater cardiovascular risk.
- Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) A hormone produced by developing egg follicles that reflects ovarian reserve — an estimate of how many eggs remain. Commonly used in fertility evaluations.
- Magnesium Measures magnesium, a mineral essential for muscle, nerve, heart, and bone function.
- T3, Free (fT3) The unbound, biologically active portion of triiodothyronine (T3), the more potent thyroid hormone. Used to evaluate thyroid function.
- Iron, Total Measures the iron circulating in your blood, used along with other markers (like ferritin and TIBC) to evaluate for iron deficiency or overload.
- Vitamin D, 25-OH, Total The combined measure of both major forms of vitamin D (D2 and D3) in your blood — the standard test used to assess overall vitamin D status.
- Antinuclear Antibodies Antibodies that target structures inside your own cells' nuclei. A positive result is a key screening marker for autoimmune conditions like lupus.
- LDL Size Measures the average size of your LDL ('bad' cholesterol) particles; smaller, denser particles are considered more likely to contribute to artery plaque.
- Lead (Venous) Measures lead levels in your blood, used to assess exposure to this toxic heavy metal.
- Mercury Measures mercury levels in your blood, used to assess exposure to this toxic heavy metal, often from certain fish or environmental sources.
- HDL Particle Number (HDL-P) HDL particle number — counts your actual HDL ('good' cholesterol) particles rather than just the cholesterol they carry, offering a more detailed cardiovascular risk picture.
- T4, Free (fT4) The unbound, biologically active portion of thyroxine (T4), your main thyroid hormone. A core marker for evaluating thyroid function.
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), % Free The percentage of your PSA that's unbound to blood proteins. A lower percentage raises suspicion for prostate cancer, helping refine an elevated total PSA result.
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH) A pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation in women and stimulates testosterone production in men. Used to evaluate fertility, menstrual irregularities, and reproductive hormone disorders.
- Homocysteine An amino acid byproduct of protein metabolism. Elevated levels are linked to increased cardiovascular risk and can reflect low B vitamin (B12, folate, B6) status.
- Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity — reflects how much additional iron your blood's transferrin could still carry, used with iron and TIBC to assess iron status.
- Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Gamma-glutamyl transferase, a liver enzyme sensitive to bile duct problems and alcohol use, often used alongside other liver tests.
- Lipase An enzyme that helps digest fat, produced mainly by the pancreas. Elevated levels are a key marker for pancreatitis.
- Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (Anti-TPO) An autoantibody that's the most common marker of autoimmune thyroid disease, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease.
- Zinc Measures zinc, a trace mineral essential for immune function, wound healing, and taste/smell.
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), Free The unbound portion of prostate-specific antigen. Used alongside total PSA to help assess prostate cancer risk, especially when total PSA is borderline.
- VLDL Size Measures the average size of your VLDL particles, used alongside particle number for a more detailed cardiovascular risk assessment.
- Lipoprotein(a) A genetically-determined, LDL-like particle. Elevated levels are an independent, largely inherited risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
- LDL Particle Number LDL particle number — counts your actual LDL ('bad' cholesterol) particles rather than just the cholesterol they carry, often a stronger cardiovascular risk indicator than standard LDL cholesterol.
- Estradiol The main and most potent form of estrogen. Key for reproductive health in women and also present in men; used to evaluate menstrual, fertility, and hormone-related concerns.
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) A pituitary hormone that signals your thyroid to produce hormone. The primary screening test for both underactive and overactive thyroid conditions.
- Rheumatoid Factor Measures rheumatoid factor, an autoantibody often found in rheumatoid arthritis, used with other tests to help evaluate joint pain and inflammation.
- Rh Type Identifies whether your blood is Rh-positive or Rh-negative, an important factor for blood transfusions and pregnancy management.
- Cortisol, Total Your main stress hormone, produced by the adrenal glands. Reflects adrenal function and helps evaluate conditions like Cushing's syndrome or adrenal insufficiency.
The Hepatic Function Panel analyzes a variety of important liver health markers to investigate overall hepatic function.
Biomarkers
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Total Protein The combined amount of all proteins in your blood, mainly albumin and globulins, used to help evaluate liver, kidney, and nutritional status.
- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) A liver enzyme released into the blood when liver cells are damaged. One of the main markers used to screen for liver inflammation or injury.
- Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) An enzyme found in the liver, heart, and muscles. Elevated levels can point to liver damage, though it's less liver-specific than ALT.
- Total Bilirubin The combined level of both processed and unprocessed bilirubin in your blood, a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown. Used to evaluate liver function and jaundice.
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) An enzyme found mainly in the liver and bones. High levels can signal liver disease, bile duct blockage, or bone conditions.
- Direct Bilirubin The form of bilirubin already processed by your liver. Elevated levels point toward a liver or bile-duct problem rather than red blood cell breakdown.
This test is crucial for assessing liver injury, diagnosing liver diseases, and monitoring the treatment of liver conditions or the adverse effects of drugs that may harm the liver. It measures various components such as total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT).
Biomarkers
- Albumin/Globulin Ratio Compares your two main blood protein types, albumin and globulin. An abnormal ratio can point toward liver disease, kidney problems, or immune system conditions.
- Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) An enzyme found in the liver, heart, and muscles. Elevated levels can point to liver damage, though it's less liver-specific than ALT.
- Total Protein The combined amount of all proteins in your blood, mainly albumin and globulins, used to help evaluate liver, kidney, and nutritional status.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Direct Bilirubin The form of bilirubin already processed by your liver. Elevated levels point toward a liver or bile-duct problem rather than red blood cell breakdown.
- Globulin A group of blood proteins that includes antibodies and various transport proteins. Assessed together with albumin to evaluate liver, kidney, and immune function.
- Indirect Bilirubin The form of bilirubin not yet processed by your liver, produced from the normal breakdown of red blood cells. Elevated levels can point to increased red blood cell breakdown or a liver processing problem.
- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) A liver enzyme released into the blood when liver cells are damaged. One of the main markers used to screen for liver inflammation or injury.
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) An enzyme found mainly in the liver and bones. High levels can signal liver disease, bile duct blockage, or bone conditions.
- Total Bilirubin The combined level of both processed and unprocessed bilirubin in your blood, a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown. Used to evaluate liver function and jaundice.
This test is crucial for assessing liver injury, diagnosing liver diseases, and monitoring the treatment of liver diseases as well as the adverse effects of drugs that may harm the liver. It checks for levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT).
Biomarkers
- Total Bilirubin The combined level of both processed and unprocessed bilirubin in your blood, a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown. Used to evaluate liver function and jaundice.
- Total Protein The combined amount of all proteins in your blood, mainly albumin and globulins, used to help evaluate liver, kidney, and nutritional status.
- Albumin/Globulin Ratio Compares your two main blood protein types, albumin and globulin. An abnormal ratio can point toward liver disease, kidney problems, or immune system conditions.
- Direct Bilirubin The form of bilirubin already processed by your liver. Elevated levels point toward a liver or bile-duct problem rather than red blood cell breakdown.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Globulin A group of blood proteins that includes antibodies and various transport proteins. Assessed together with albumin to evaluate liver, kidney, and immune function.
- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) A liver enzyme released into the blood when liver cells are damaged. One of the main markers used to screen for liver inflammation or injury.
- Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) An enzyme found in the liver, heart, and muscles. Elevated levels can point to liver damage, though it's less liver-specific than ALT.
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) An enzyme found mainly in the liver and bones. High levels can signal liver disease, bile duct blockage, or bone conditions.
- Indirect Bilirubin The form of bilirubin not yet processed by your liver, produced from the normal breakdown of red blood cells. Elevated levels can point to increased red blood cell breakdown or a liver processing problem.
This panel is designed to help in assessing liver damage, diagnosing liver conditions, and monitoring the treatment of liver diseases as well as the side effects of drugs that may harm the liver. This test checks levels of albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin (calculated), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT).
Biomarkers
- Total Bilirubin The combined level of both processed and unprocessed bilirubin in your blood, a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown. Used to evaluate liver function and jaundice.
- Direct Bilirubin The form of bilirubin already processed by your liver. Elevated levels point toward a liver or bile-duct problem rather than red blood cell breakdown.
- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) A liver enzyme released into the blood when liver cells are damaged. One of the main markers used to screen for liver inflammation or injury.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) An enzyme found mainly in the liver and bones. High levels can signal liver disease, bile duct blockage, or bone conditions.
- Indirect Bilirubin The form of bilirubin not yet processed by your liver, produced from the normal breakdown of red blood cells. Elevated levels can point to increased red blood cell breakdown or a liver processing problem.
- Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) An enzyme found in the liver, heart, and muscles. Elevated levels can point to liver damage, though it's less liver-specific than ALT.
This test combines two important assessments, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), to help in the early detection of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). It aligns with the National Kidney Foundation's efforts to encourage the use of this profile for early CKD detection. Surprisingly, a study by NHANES (CDC) found that only a small percentage of individuals with reduced kidney function were aware of their condition. This test aims to increase awareness and early diagnosis of CKD.
Biomarkers
- Albumin/Creatinine Ratio, Random A ratio of albumin to creatinine in a single urine sample, used to screen for and monitor early kidney damage without a 24-hour collection.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Creatinine A waste product from muscle metabolism, filtered by your kidneys. One of the main markers used to assess kidney function.
- Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimated glomerular filtration rate — a calculated estimate of how well your kidneys are filtering waste from your blood, based on creatinine and other factors.
- Creatinine, Random Measures creatinine in a random urine sample, mainly used as a reference to adjust other urine results for how concentrated or dilute the sample is.
This test measures the main proteins in the blood, albumin and globulin, to help assess overall health. Albumin makes up over half of the serum proteins. The ratio of albumin to globulin (A/G ratio) is used to check for various health conditions, though it's not disease-specific. A normal A/G ratio ranges from 0.8-2.0. Changes in this ratio can indicate different health issues, such as chronic inflammation, liver or kidney problems, or certain cancers.
Biomarkers
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Albumin/Globulin Ratio Compares your two main blood protein types, albumin and globulin. An abnormal ratio can point toward liver disease, kidney problems, or immune system conditions.
- Globulin A group of blood proteins that includes antibodies and various transport proteins. Assessed together with albumin to evaluate liver, kidney, and immune function.
- Total Protein The combined amount of all proteins in your blood, mainly albumin and globulins, used to help evaluate liver, kidney, and nutritional status.
This test focuses on measuring the total protein and albumin levels in your plasma. Understanding these levels is crucial for assessing overall health and nutritional status, as well as identifying potential liver or kidney disorders, and other conditions that can affect protein levels in the blood.
Biomarkers
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Total Protein The combined amount of all proteins in your blood, mainly albumin and globulins, used to help evaluate liver, kidney, and nutritional status.
- Globulin A group of blood proteins that includes antibodies and various transport proteins. Assessed together with albumin to evaluate liver, kidney, and immune function.
- Albumin/Globulin Ratio Compares your two main blood protein types, albumin and globulin. An abnormal ratio can point toward liver disease, kidney problems, or immune system conditions.
Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) is an analytical technique that provides separation of serum protein into six fractions: Albumin, Alpha-1, Alpha-2, Beta-1, Beta-2, and Gamma. Interpretation of elevation, decreased, or visual change in different fractions can be used as a diagnostic aid for a variety of different disease states and protein abnormalities, including monoclonal gammopathies (MG).
Biomarkers
- Abnormal Protein Band 1 Measures the amount of an unusual protein band found on serum protein electrophoresis, often a monoclonal protein that needs further testing to identify.
- Gamma Globulin The protein fraction that includes most of your antibodies (immunoglobulins). Elevated levels can reflect chronic infection, inflammation, or certain blood disorders.
- Beta 2 Globulin Measures the beta-2 globulin fraction on serum protein electrophoresis, a group of blood proteins that includes the immune protein complement C3.
- Beta-1 Globulin One of the protein groups measured in a protein electrophoresis test, which includes transferrin. Changes can relate to iron status or certain liver and kidney conditions.
- Total Protein The combined amount of all proteins in your blood, mainly albumin and globulins, used to help evaluate liver, kidney, and nutritional status.
- Alpha-1 Globulin One of the protein groups measured in a protein electrophoresis test. Changes in this fraction can be an early sign of inflammation or certain liver or lung conditions.
- Abnormal Protein Band 2 Measures the amount of an unusual protein band found on serum protein electrophoresis, often a monoclonal protein that needs further testing to identify.
- Alpha-2 Globulin One of the protein groups measured in a protein electrophoresis test. Elevated levels are often seen with inflammation, kidney disease (nephrotic syndrome), or certain cancers.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Abnormal Protein Band 3 Measures the amount of an unusual protein band found on serum protein electrophoresis, often a monoclonal protein that needs further testing to identify.
Serum protein electrophoresis is an analytical technique that separates serum protein into six fractions: Albumin, Alpha-1, Alpha-2, Beta-1, Beta-2, and Gamma. It is used to evaluate collagen diseases, inflammatory states, macroglobulinemia of Waldenstrom, monoclonal gammopathies, and myeloma.
Biomarkers
- Albumin/Globulin Ratio Compares your two main blood protein types, albumin and globulin. An abnormal ratio can point toward liver disease, kidney problems, or immune system conditions.
- Beta-1 Globulin One of the protein groups measured in a protein electrophoresis test, which includes transferrin. Changes can relate to iron status or certain liver and kidney conditions.
- M-Spike A distinctive spike seen on protein electrophoresis caused by an abnormal, single clone of antibody protein. Used to screen for and monitor conditions like multiple myeloma.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Alpha-2 Globulin One of the protein groups measured in a protein electrophoresis test. Elevated levels are often seen with inflammation, kidney disease (nephrotic syndrome), or certain cancers.
- Globulin A group of blood proteins that includes antibodies and various transport proteins. Assessed together with albumin to evaluate liver, kidney, and immune function.
- Gamma Globulin The protein fraction that includes most of your antibodies (immunoglobulins). Elevated levels can reflect chronic infection, inflammation, or certain blood disorders.
- Total Protein The combined amount of all proteins in your blood, mainly albumin and globulins, used to help evaluate liver, kidney, and nutritional status.
- Alpha-1 Globulin One of the protein groups measured in a protein electrophoresis test. Changes in this fraction can be an early sign of inflammation or certain liver or lung conditions.
The Renal Function Panel analyzes a variety of important kidney health markers to investigate overall renal function.
Biomarkers
- Blood Urea Nitrogen Blood urea nitrogen, a waste product filtered by your kidneys. Used along with creatinine to assess kidney function and hydration status.
- Sodium An essential electrolyte that regulates fluid balance, blood pressure, and nerve and muscle function.
- Carbon Dioxide Reflects the bicarbonate level in your blood, a key part of your body's acid-base balance. Abnormal levels can point to metabolic or respiratory issues.
- Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimated glomerular filtration rate — a calculated estimate of how well your kidneys are filtering waste from your blood, based on creatinine and other factors.
- BUN/Creatinine Ratio Compares two kidney-related waste markers to help distinguish the cause of abnormal kidney values, such as dehydration versus a kidney-specific problem.
- Glucose Your blood sugar level at the time of the test — a core marker for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes and metabolic health.
- Potassium An essential electrolyte that plays a critical role in heart rhythm, muscle function, and nerve signaling.
- Phosphorus Measures phosphorus, a mineral important for bone health, energy production, and cell function, closely regulated alongside calcium.
- Calcium Measures the total calcium in your blood, important for bone health, muscle function, nerve signaling, and blood clotting.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Creatinine A waste product from muscle metabolism, filtered by your kidneys. One of the main markers used to assess kidney function.
- Chloride An electrolyte that works with sodium and potassium to maintain fluid balance and acid-base status in your body.
The Renal Function Panel analyzes a variety of important kidney health markers to investigate overall renal function.
Biomarkers
- Blood Urea Nitrogen Blood urea nitrogen, a waste product filtered by your kidneys. Used along with creatinine to assess kidney function and hydration status.
- Sodium An essential electrolyte that regulates fluid balance, blood pressure, and nerve and muscle function.
- Carbon Dioxide Reflects the bicarbonate level in your blood, a key part of your body's acid-base balance. Abnormal levels can point to metabolic or respiratory issues.
- Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimated glomerular filtration rate — a calculated estimate of how well your kidneys are filtering waste from your blood, based on creatinine and other factors.
- BUN/Creatinine Ratio Compares two kidney-related waste markers to help distinguish the cause of abnormal kidney values, such as dehydration versus a kidney-specific problem.
- Glucose Your blood sugar level at the time of the test — a core marker for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes and metabolic health.
- Potassium An essential electrolyte that plays a critical role in heart rhythm, muscle function, and nerve signaling.
- Phosphorus Measures phosphorus, a mineral important for bone health, energy production, and cell function, closely regulated alongside calcium.
- Calcium Measures the total calcium in your blood, important for bone health, muscle function, nerve signaling, and blood clotting.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Creatinine A waste product from muscle metabolism, filtered by your kidneys. One of the main markers used to assess kidney function.
- Chloride An electrolyte that works with sodium and potassium to maintain fluid balance and acid-base status in your body.
This test panel may be helpful in assessing androgen status and screening for hypogonadism in men. This immunoassay cannot accurately measure the low testosterone levels generally found in women, children, and men with hypogonadism [1].
Biomarkers
- Bioavailable Testosterone The portion of your testosterone that's either free or loosely bound to albumin — the amount actually usable by your body's tissues.
- Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) A protein that binds and transports testosterone and estrogen in your blood, determining how much hormone is 'free' and active. Important for interpreting sex hormone results.
- Testosterone The primary male sex hormone, also present in women in smaller amounts. Evaluated for low testosterone symptoms, fertility, and reproductive hormone imbalances.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Free Testosterone The small portion of your testosterone that's unbound and biologically active, considered a more accurate reflection of usable hormone than total testosterone.
This test is crucial for evaluating testicular function in males and for managing conditions like hirsutism and virilization in females. It measures the levels of free, bioavailable, and total testosterone in the body, providing comprehensive insights into an individual's hormonal balance.
Biomarkers
- Testosterone The primary male sex hormone, also present in women in smaller amounts. Evaluated for low testosterone symptoms, fertility, and reproductive hormone imbalances.
- Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) A protein that binds and transports testosterone and estrogen in your blood, determining how much hormone is 'free' and active. Important for interpreting sex hormone results.
- Bioavailable Testosterone The portion of your testosterone that's either free or loosely bound to albumin — the amount actually usable by your body's tissues.
- Free Testosterone The small portion of your testosterone that's unbound and biologically active, considered a more accurate reflection of usable hormone than total testosterone.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
Testosterone, Free & Total with SHBG (Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin) provides a comprehensive assessment of androgen status. Total testosterone reflects all circulating testosterone, while free testosterone represents the biologically active portion, and SHBG helps determine how much testosterone is bound versus available for use in the body.
Biomarkers
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) A protein that binds and transports testosterone and estrogen in your blood, determining how much hormone is 'free' and active. Important for interpreting sex hormone results.
- Testosterone The primary male sex hormone, also present in women in smaller amounts. Evaluated for low testosterone symptoms, fertility, and reproductive hormone imbalances.
- Free Testosterone The small portion of your testosterone that's unbound and biologically active, considered a more accurate reflection of usable hormone than total testosterone.
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