Back to Biomarkers
Lipoprotein(a) details
What Lipoprotein(a) shows
Lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), is an LDL-like particle whose blood level is determined almost entirely by genetics rather than diet or lifestyle, and it stays fairly stable throughout your life once you reach adulthood — meaning it generally only needs to be checked once. Elevated Lp(a) is an independent, inherited risk factor for cardiovascular disease and aortic valve disease, meaning it raises risk on its own, separate from standard cholesterol levels, and doesn't respond meaningfully to typical cholesterol-lowering lifestyle changes or most standard medications. Knowing you have elevated Lp(a) is mainly useful for understanding your overall cardiovascular risk more completely and, when elevated, may prompt more aggressive management of your other, modifiable risk factors.
Higher Lp(a) can point to raised heart risk
It is largely inherited and adds to the risk of heart attack, stroke and narrowed heart valves.
Who might consider it:
- A family history of early heart attack or stroke
- Heart disease despite normal cholesterol
- Never having had Lp(a) tested — most adults need it only once
- A relative with a high Lp(a) result
What can affect your result
Genes
Your level is mostly inherited and stays fairly stable through life.
Menopause
Lp(a) can rise after menopause.
Kidney and thyroid conditions
Kidney disease and an underactive thyroid can raise Lp(a).
Normal ranges
Typical adult range
0–75 nmol/L
Most labs report a range close to this
Hormunity optimal range
0–18 nmol/L
A narrower functional target
Above 75 nmol/L
Considered high. Linked to higher risk of heart disease and stroke, and often inherited.
Each lab sets its own reference range. Always compare your result with the range printed on your report, and review it with a healthcare provider.
Preparation
- Fasting is not needed.
- Lp(a) is mostly set by your genes, so one test is usually enough unless your provider advises a repeat.
Tests that include Lipoprotein(a)
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a genetically determined variant of LDL cholesterol that is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Elevated Lp(a) levels are considered an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and heart disease.
Biomarkers
- Lipoprotein(a) A genetically-determined, LDL-like particle. Elevated levels are an independent, largely inherited risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a genetically determined variant of LDL cholesterol that is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Elevated Lp(a) levels are considered an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and heart disease.
Biomarkers
- Lipoprotein(a) A genetically-determined, LDL-like particle. Elevated levels are an independent, largely inherited risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
The advanced lipid profile provides a more comprehensive assessment of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk than standard lipid panel measurements.
Biomarkers
- Total Cholesterol The combined measure of all cholesterol in your blood — HDL, LDL, and other lipoproteins together. A foundational marker of cardiovascular risk.
- Lipoprotein(a) A genetically-determined, LDL-like particle. Elevated levels are an independent, largely inherited risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
- HDL Large The concentration of large HDL particles in your blood, measured as part of an advanced lipid panel to add detail on cardiovascular risk.
- LDL Size Measures the average size of your LDL ('bad' cholesterol) particles; smaller, denser particles are considered more likely to contribute to artery plaque.
- Apolipoprotein B The main protein found on LDL and other 'bad' cholesterol particles. Considered a strong indicator of cardiovascular risk, since each particle carries one ApoB molecule.
- LDL Cholesterol, Calculated The 'bad' cholesterol that can build up in artery walls. A core marker used to assess cardiovascular disease risk.
- Total Cholesterol / HDL Ratio Compares your total cholesterol to your HDL ('good') cholesterol, offering a quick snapshot of cardiovascular risk balance.
- HDL Cholesterol The 'good' cholesterol that helps remove excess cholesterol from your bloodstream. Higher levels are generally linked to lower cardiovascular risk.
- Non-HDL Cholesterol Total cholesterol minus HDL — capturing all the potentially artery-clogging ('bad') cholesterol particles in one number.
- LDL Medium Measures medium-sized LDL particles by ion mobility, part of an advanced lipid profile that looks at the size and number of LDL particles.
- Triglycerides A type of fat in your blood used for energy storage. Elevated levels are linked to increased cardiovascular risk and often reflect diet, weight, or metabolic health.
- LDL Small Measures small, dense LDL particles, a lipid subfraction associated with higher cardiovascular risk and insulin resistance.
- LDL Particle Number LDL particle number — counts your actual LDL ('bad' cholesterol) particles rather than just the cholesterol they carry, often a stronger cardiovascular risk indicator than standard LDL cholesterol.
- LDL Pattern A classification of your LDL particle size profile as pattern A (mostly large particles) or pattern B (mostly small, dense particles), from ion mobility testing.
Apolipoprotein Evaluation measures key proteins involved in lipid metabolism, including Apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo-A1), Apolipoprotein B (Apo-B), and Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]. This panel provides a detailed assessment of cardiovascular risk beyond traditional cholesterol tests.
Biomarkers
- Apolipoprotein B The main protein found on LDL and other 'bad' cholesterol particles. Considered a strong indicator of cardiovascular risk, since each particle carries one ApoB molecule.
- Apolipoprotein A-1 The main protein component of HDL ('good') cholesterol. Higher levels are generally associated with better cardiovascular protection.
- Lipoprotein(a) A genetically-determined, LDL-like particle. Elevated levels are an independent, largely inherited risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Advanced Lipid Panel with Inflammation, Cardio IQ This test goes beyond the standard lipid panel to provide a more comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. According to the 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines, it's important to match statin treatment intensity with the absolute risk of cardiovascular events. This test includes advanced CVD markers like ion mobility, ApoB, lp(a), hsCRP, and Lp-PLA2, offering a clearer picture of your CVD risk.
Biomarkers
- C-Reactive Protein, High Sensitivity (hs-CRP) A sensitive marker of low-grade inflammation in the body, commonly used to help assess cardiovascular disease risk.
- LDL Medium Measures medium-sized LDL particles by ion mobility, part of an advanced lipid profile that looks at the size and number of LDL particles.
- LDL Small Measures small, dense LDL particles, a lipid subfraction associated with higher cardiovascular risk and insulin resistance.
- LDL Particle Number LDL particle number — counts your actual LDL ('bad' cholesterol) particles rather than just the cholesterol they carry, often a stronger cardiovascular risk indicator than standard LDL cholesterol.
- Lipoprotein(a) A genetically-determined, LDL-like particle. Elevated levels are an independent, largely inherited risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
- Apolipoprotein B The main protein found on LDL and other 'bad' cholesterol particles. Considered a strong indicator of cardiovascular risk, since each particle carries one ApoB molecule.
- Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) Measures an enzyme linked to inflammation within artery walls, used as an additional marker to help assess cardiovascular risk.
- LDL Size Measures the average size of your LDL ('bad' cholesterol) particles; smaller, denser particles are considered more likely to contribute to artery plaque.
- Total Cholesterol / HDL Ratio Compares your total cholesterol to your HDL ('good') cholesterol, offering a quick snapshot of cardiovascular risk balance.
- LDL Pattern A classification of your LDL particle size profile as pattern A (mostly large particles) or pattern B (mostly small, dense particles), from ion mobility testing.
- Total Cholesterol The combined measure of all cholesterol in your blood — HDL, LDL, and other lipoproteins together. A foundational marker of cardiovascular risk.
- Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol The 'bad' cholesterol that can build up in artery walls. A core marker used to assess cardiovascular disease risk.
- Non-HDL Cholesterol Total cholesterol minus HDL — capturing all the potentially artery-clogging ('bad') cholesterol particles in one number.
- HDL Large The concentration of large HDL particles in your blood, measured as part of an advanced lipid panel to add detail on cardiovascular risk.
- Triglycerides A type of fat in your blood used for energy storage. Elevated levels are linked to increased cardiovascular risk and often reflect diet, weight, or metabolic health.
- HDL Cholesterol The 'good' cholesterol that helps remove excess cholesterol from your bloodstream. Higher levels are generally linked to lower cardiovascular risk.
This comprehensive panel assesses biomarkers related to hormonal health, thyroid function, metabolism, cardiovascular health, inflammation, nutrient status, and environmental exposures. The results can help provide a broader picture of overall health and support personalized wellness and treatment strategies.
Biomarkers
- Amylase An enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates, produced mainly by the pancreas and salivary glands. Elevated levels can signal pancreatitis or salivary gland problems.
- Magnesium Measures magnesium, a mineral essential for muscle, nerve, heart, and bone function.
- Testosterone The primary male sex hormone, also present in women in smaller amounts. Evaluated for low testosterone symptoms, fertility, and reproductive hormone imbalances.
- LDL Particle Number LDL particle number — counts your actual LDL ('bad' cholesterol) particles rather than just the cholesterol they carry, often a stronger cardiovascular risk indicator than standard LDL cholesterol.
- Large VLDL-P Counts the largest VLDL particles, which carry a high amount of triglycerides and are associated with greater cardiovascular risk.
- VLDL Size Measures the average size of your VLDL particles, used alongside particle number for a more detailed cardiovascular risk assessment.
- Methylmalonic Acid A compound that builds up when vitamin B12 is deficient. A more sensitive marker of B12 status than a B12 blood level alone.
- Rh Type Identifies whether your blood is Rh-positive or Rh-negative, an important factor for blood transfusions and pregnancy management.
- Homocysteine An amino acid byproduct of protein metabolism. Elevated levels are linked to increased cardiovascular risk and can reflect low B vitamin (B12, folate, B6) status.
- Uric Acid A waste product from the breakdown of purines. Elevated levels are linked to gout and kidney stones, and can also reflect metabolic health.
- HDL Size Measures the average size of your HDL ('good' cholesterol) particles, used alongside particle number for a more detailed cardiovascular risk assessment.
- Leptin A hormone released by fat cells that helps regulate appetite and energy balance. Levels generally rise with increased body fat.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Lipase An enzyme that helps digest fat, produced mainly by the pancreas. Elevated levels are a key marker for pancreatitis.
- Zinc Measures zinc, a trace mineral essential for immune function, wound healing, and taste/smell.
- Iron % Saturation The percentage of transferrin (your iron-carrying protein) that's currently occupied by iron — a key marker for detecting iron deficiency or overload.
- Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity — reflects how much additional iron your blood's transferrin could still carry, used with iron and TIBC to assess iron status.
- Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) A protein that binds and transports testosterone and estrogen in your blood, determining how much hormone is 'free' and active. Important for interpreting sex hormone results.
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) A pituitary hormone that drives egg development in women and sperm production in men. Key marker for fertility and menopause evaluation.
- T3, Free (fT3) The unbound, biologically active portion of triiodothyronine (T3), the more potent thyroid hormone. Used to evaluate thyroid function.
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH) A pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation in women and stimulates testosterone production in men. Used to evaluate fertility, menstrual irregularities, and reproductive hormone disorders.
- Antinuclear Antibodies Antibodies that target structures inside your own cells' nuclei. A positive result is a key screening marker for autoimmune conditions like lupus.
- Free Testosterone The small portion of your testosterone that's unbound and biologically active, considered a more accurate reflection of usable hormone than total testosterone.
- HDL Particle Number (HDL-P) HDL particle number — counts your actual HDL ('good' cholesterol) particles rather than just the cholesterol they carry, offering a more detailed cardiovascular risk picture.
- Cortisol, Total Your main stress hormone, produced by the adrenal glands. Reflects adrenal function and helps evaluate conditions like Cushing's syndrome or adrenal insufficiency.
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) A pituitary hormone that signals your thyroid to produce hormone. The primary screening test for both underactive and overactive thyroid conditions.
- Mercury Measures mercury levels in your blood, used to assess exposure to this toxic heavy metal, often from certain fish or environmental sources.
- Vitamin D, 25-OH, Total The combined measure of both major forms of vitamin D (D2 and D3) in your blood — the standard test used to assess overall vitamin D status.
- Ferritin Reflects your body's stored iron levels. Low levels point to iron deficiency; high levels can indicate iron overload or, since it's also an inflammation marker, other conditions.
- HDL Large The concentration of large HDL particles in your blood, measured as part of an advanced lipid panel to add detail on cardiovascular risk.
- C-Reactive Protein, High Sensitivity (hs-CRP) A sensitive marker of low-grade inflammation in the body, commonly used to help assess cardiovascular disease risk.
- Thyroglobulin Antibodies (Anti-Tg) An autoantibody against thyroglobulin. Elevated levels are associated with autoimmune thyroid conditions like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and checked before using thyroglobulin to monitor thyroid cancer.
- Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Gamma-glutamyl transferase, a liver enzyme sensitive to bile duct problems and alcohol use, often used alongside other liver tests.
- LDL Size Measures the average size of your LDL ('bad' cholesterol) particles; smaller, denser particles are considered more likely to contribute to artery plaque.
- Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (Anti-TPO) An autoantibody that's the most common marker of autoimmune thyroid disease, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease.
- Estradiol The main and most potent form of estrogen. Key for reproductive health in women and also present in men; used to evaluate menstrual, fertility, and hormone-related concerns.
- ABO Group Identifies your blood type (A, B, AB, or O) based on antigens on your red blood cells. Essential for safely matching blood for transfusions or transplants.
- T4, Free (fT4) The unbound, biologically active portion of thyroxine (T4), your main thyroid hormone. A core marker for evaluating thyroid function.
- Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S) The sulfated, more stable form of DHEA. A reliable marker of adrenal androgen production, used to evaluate adrenal function and androgen excess.
- Apolipoprotein B The main protein found on LDL and other 'bad' cholesterol particles. Considered a strong indicator of cardiovascular risk, since each particle carries one ApoB molecule.
- LDL Small Measures small, dense LDL particles, a lipid subfraction associated with higher cardiovascular risk and insulin resistance.
- Prolactin A pituitary hormone best known for stimulating milk production; also checked to evaluate menstrual irregularities, fertility issues, or pituitary conditions in men and women.
- Rheumatoid Factor Measures rheumatoid factor, an autoantibody often found in rheumatoid arthritis, used with other tests to help evaluate joint pain and inflammation.
- Lead (Venous) Measures lead levels in your blood, used to assess exposure to this toxic heavy metal.
- Lipoprotein(a) A genetically-determined, LDL-like particle. Elevated levels are an independent, largely inherited risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
- Iron, Total Measures the iron circulating in your blood, used along with other markers (like ferritin and TIBC) to evaluate for iron deficiency or overload.
- Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) Total Iron-Binding Capacity — reflects how much transferrin (the iron-carrying protein) is available in your blood, used with iron and ferritin to evaluate iron status.
- LP-IR Score Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Score — a composite score derived from lipoprotein particle measurements that estimates insulin resistance.
This comprehensive panel assesses biomarkers related to hormonal health, thyroid function, metabolism, cardiovascular health, inflammation, nutrient status, and environmental exposures. The results can help provide a broader picture of overall health and support personalized wellness and treatment strategies.
Biomarkers
- Magnesium Measures magnesium, a mineral essential for muscle, nerve, heart, and bone function.
- Testosterone The primary male sex hormone, also present in women in smaller amounts. Evaluated for low testosterone symptoms, fertility, and reproductive hormone imbalances.
- T4, Free (fT4) The unbound, biologically active portion of thyroxine (T4), your main thyroid hormone. A core marker for evaluating thyroid function.
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), % Free The percentage of your PSA that's unbound to blood proteins. A lower percentage raises suspicion for prostate cancer, helping refine an elevated total PSA result.
- Free Testosterone The small portion of your testosterone that's unbound and biologically active, considered a more accurate reflection of usable hormone than total testosterone.
- Apolipoprotein B The main protein found on LDL and other 'bad' cholesterol particles. Considered a strong indicator of cardiovascular risk, since each particle carries one ApoB molecule.
- LDL Size Measures the average size of your LDL ('bad' cholesterol) particles; smaller, denser particles are considered more likely to contribute to artery plaque.
- Homocysteine An amino acid byproduct of protein metabolism. Elevated levels are linked to increased cardiovascular risk and can reflect low B vitamin (B12, folate, B6) status.
- Antinuclear Antibodies Antibodies that target structures inside your own cells' nuclei. A positive result is a key screening marker for autoimmune conditions like lupus.
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH) A pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation in women and stimulates testosterone production in men. Used to evaluate fertility, menstrual irregularities, and reproductive hormone disorders.
- HDL Large The concentration of large HDL particles in your blood, measured as part of an advanced lipid panel to add detail on cardiovascular risk.
- Methylmalonic Acid A compound that builds up when vitamin B12 is deficient. A more sensitive marker of B12 status than a B12 blood level alone.
- Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (Anti-TPO) An autoantibody that's the most common marker of autoimmune thyroid disease, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease.
- Rh Type Identifies whether your blood is Rh-positive or Rh-negative, an important factor for blood transfusions and pregnancy management.
- Cortisol, Total Your main stress hormone, produced by the adrenal glands. Reflects adrenal function and helps evaluate conditions like Cushing's syndrome or adrenal insufficiency.
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) A pituitary hormone that drives egg development in women and sperm production in men. Key marker for fertility and menopause evaluation.
- Lead (Venous) Measures lead levels in your blood, used to assess exposure to this toxic heavy metal.
- Ferritin Reflects your body's stored iron levels. Low levels point to iron deficiency; high levels can indicate iron overload or, since it's also an inflammation marker, other conditions.
- T3, Free (fT3) The unbound, biologically active portion of triiodothyronine (T3), the more potent thyroid hormone. Used to evaluate thyroid function.
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), Free The unbound portion of prostate-specific antigen. Used alongside total PSA to help assess prostate cancer risk, especially when total PSA is borderline.
- Rheumatoid Factor Measures rheumatoid factor, an autoantibody often found in rheumatoid arthritis, used with other tests to help evaluate joint pain and inflammation.
- C-Reactive Protein, High Sensitivity (hs-CRP) A sensitive marker of low-grade inflammation in the body, commonly used to help assess cardiovascular disease risk.
- Iron % Saturation The percentage of transferrin (your iron-carrying protein) that's currently occupied by iron — a key marker for detecting iron deficiency or overload.
- Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S) The sulfated, more stable form of DHEA. A reliable marker of adrenal androgen production, used to evaluate adrenal function and androgen excess.
- VLDL Size Measures the average size of your VLDL particles, used alongside particle number for a more detailed cardiovascular risk assessment.
- Thyroglobulin Antibodies (Anti-Tg) An autoantibody against thyroglobulin. Elevated levels are associated with autoimmune thyroid conditions like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and checked before using thyroglobulin to monitor thyroid cancer.
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) A protein made by the prostate gland. Used to help screen for and monitor prostate cancer, though it can also rise with benign prostate conditions.
- Uric Acid A waste product from the breakdown of purines. Elevated levels are linked to gout and kidney stones, and can also reflect metabolic health.
- Large VLDL-P Counts the largest VLDL particles, which carry a high amount of triglycerides and are associated with greater cardiovascular risk.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- LP-IR Score Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Score — a composite score derived from lipoprotein particle measurements that estimates insulin resistance.
- HDL Size Measures the average size of your HDL ('good' cholesterol) particles, used alongside particle number for a more detailed cardiovascular risk assessment.
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) A pituitary hormone that signals your thyroid to produce hormone. The primary screening test for both underactive and overactive thyroid conditions.
- Amylase An enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates, produced mainly by the pancreas and salivary glands. Elevated levels can signal pancreatitis or salivary gland problems.
- Zinc Measures zinc, a trace mineral essential for immune function, wound healing, and taste/smell.
- Lipase An enzyme that helps digest fat, produced mainly by the pancreas. Elevated levels are a key marker for pancreatitis.
- Vitamin D, 25-OH, Total The combined measure of both major forms of vitamin D (D2 and D3) in your blood — the standard test used to assess overall vitamin D status.
- Mercury Measures mercury levels in your blood, used to assess exposure to this toxic heavy metal, often from certain fish or environmental sources.
- Iron, Total Measures the iron circulating in your blood, used along with other markers (like ferritin and TIBC) to evaluate for iron deficiency or overload.
- Estradiol The main and most potent form of estrogen. Key for reproductive health in women and also present in men; used to evaluate menstrual, fertility, and hormone-related concerns.
- Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Gamma-glutamyl transferase, a liver enzyme sensitive to bile duct problems and alcohol use, often used alongside other liver tests.
- Leptin A hormone released by fat cells that helps regulate appetite and energy balance. Levels generally rise with increased body fat.
- Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) A protein that binds and transports testosterone and estrogen in your blood, determining how much hormone is 'free' and active. Important for interpreting sex hormone results.
- Lipoprotein(a) A genetically-determined, LDL-like particle. Elevated levels are an independent, largely inherited risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
- Prolactin A pituitary hormone best known for stimulating milk production; also checked to evaluate menstrual irregularities, fertility issues, or pituitary conditions in men and women.
- Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity — reflects how much additional iron your blood's transferrin could still carry, used with iron and TIBC to assess iron status.
- HDL Particle Number (HDL-P) HDL particle number — counts your actual HDL ('good' cholesterol) particles rather than just the cholesterol they carry, offering a more detailed cardiovascular risk picture.
- LDL Small Measures small, dense LDL particles, a lipid subfraction associated with higher cardiovascular risk and insulin resistance.
- ABO Group Identifies your blood type (A, B, AB, or O) based on antigens on your red blood cells. Essential for safely matching blood for transfusions or transplants.
- LDL Particle Number LDL particle number — counts your actual LDL ('bad' cholesterol) particles rather than just the cholesterol they carry, often a stronger cardiovascular risk indicator than standard LDL cholesterol.
- Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) Total Iron-Binding Capacity — reflects how much transferrin (the iron-carrying protein) is available in your blood, used with iron and ferritin to evaluate iron status.
This comprehensive panel assesses biomarkers related to hormonal health, thyroid function, metabolism, cardiovascular health, inflammation, nutrient status, and environmental exposures. The results can help provide a broader picture of overall health and support personalized wellness and treatment strategies.
Biomarkers
- Methylmalonic Acid A compound that builds up when vitamin B12 is deficient. A more sensitive marker of B12 status than a B12 blood level alone.
- LDL Size Measures the average size of your LDL ('bad' cholesterol) particles; smaller, denser particles are considered more likely to contribute to artery plaque.
- ABO Group Identifies your blood type (A, B, AB, or O) based on antigens on your red blood cells. Essential for safely matching blood for transfusions or transplants.
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) A pituitary hormone that signals your thyroid to produce hormone. The primary screening test for both underactive and overactive thyroid conditions.
- Magnesium Measures magnesium, a mineral essential for muscle, nerve, heart, and bone function.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- LDL Particle Number LDL particle number — counts your actual LDL ('bad' cholesterol) particles rather than just the cholesterol they carry, often a stronger cardiovascular risk indicator than standard LDL cholesterol.
- Leptin A hormone released by fat cells that helps regulate appetite and energy balance. Levels generally rise with increased body fat.
- Vitamin D, 25-OH, Total The combined measure of both major forms of vitamin D (D2 and D3) in your blood — the standard test used to assess overall vitamin D status.
- Amylase An enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates, produced mainly by the pancreas and salivary glands. Elevated levels can signal pancreatitis or salivary gland problems.
- Rheumatoid Factor Measures rheumatoid factor, an autoantibody often found in rheumatoid arthritis, used with other tests to help evaluate joint pain and inflammation.
- Uric Acid A waste product from the breakdown of purines. Elevated levels are linked to gout and kidney stones, and can also reflect metabolic health.
- Free Testosterone The small portion of your testosterone that's unbound and biologically active, considered a more accurate reflection of usable hormone than total testosterone.
- Ferritin Reflects your body's stored iron levels. Low levels point to iron deficiency; high levels can indicate iron overload or, since it's also an inflammation marker, other conditions.
- LDL Small Measures small, dense LDL particles, a lipid subfraction associated with higher cardiovascular risk and insulin resistance.
- Iron, Total Measures the iron circulating in your blood, used along with other markers (like ferritin and TIBC) to evaluate for iron deficiency or overload.
- Homocysteine An amino acid byproduct of protein metabolism. Elevated levels are linked to increased cardiovascular risk and can reflect low B vitamin (B12, folate, B6) status.
- Estradiol The main and most potent form of estrogen. Key for reproductive health in women and also present in men; used to evaluate menstrual, fertility, and hormone-related concerns.
- Lipase An enzyme that helps digest fat, produced mainly by the pancreas. Elevated levels are a key marker for pancreatitis.
- Antinuclear Antibodies Antibodies that target structures inside your own cells' nuclei. A positive result is a key screening marker for autoimmune conditions like lupus.
- T4, Free (fT4) The unbound, biologically active portion of thyroxine (T4), your main thyroid hormone. A core marker for evaluating thyroid function.
- HDL Size Measures the average size of your HDL ('good' cholesterol) particles, used alongside particle number for a more detailed cardiovascular risk assessment.
- Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) A hormone produced by developing egg follicles that reflects ovarian reserve — an estimate of how many eggs remain. Commonly used in fertility evaluations.
- LP-IR Score Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Score — a composite score derived from lipoprotein particle measurements that estimates insulin resistance.
- Lead (Venous) Measures lead levels in your blood, used to assess exposure to this toxic heavy metal.
- Large VLDL-P Counts the largest VLDL particles, which carry a high amount of triglycerides and are associated with greater cardiovascular risk.
- Testosterone The primary male sex hormone, also present in women in smaller amounts. Evaluated for low testosterone symptoms, fertility, and reproductive hormone imbalances.
- Zinc Measures zinc, a trace mineral essential for immune function, wound healing, and taste/smell.
- Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Gamma-glutamyl transferase, a liver enzyme sensitive to bile duct problems and alcohol use, often used alongside other liver tests.
- VLDL Size Measures the average size of your VLDL particles, used alongside particle number for a more detailed cardiovascular risk assessment.
- Prolactin A pituitary hormone best known for stimulating milk production; also checked to evaluate menstrual irregularities, fertility issues, or pituitary conditions in men and women.
- C-Reactive Protein, High Sensitivity (hs-CRP) A sensitive marker of low-grade inflammation in the body, commonly used to help assess cardiovascular disease risk.
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) A pituitary hormone that drives egg development in women and sperm production in men. Key marker for fertility and menopause evaluation.
- Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) Total Iron-Binding Capacity — reflects how much transferrin (the iron-carrying protein) is available in your blood, used with iron and ferritin to evaluate iron status.
- Rh Type Identifies whether your blood is Rh-positive or Rh-negative, an important factor for blood transfusions and pregnancy management.
- Iron % Saturation The percentage of transferrin (your iron-carrying protein) that's currently occupied by iron — a key marker for detecting iron deficiency or overload.
- Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S) The sulfated, more stable form of DHEA. A reliable marker of adrenal androgen production, used to evaluate adrenal function and androgen excess.
- Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity — reflects how much additional iron your blood's transferrin could still carry, used with iron and TIBC to assess iron status.
- Mercury Measures mercury levels in your blood, used to assess exposure to this toxic heavy metal, often from certain fish or environmental sources.
- HDL Large The concentration of large HDL particles in your blood, measured as part of an advanced lipid panel to add detail on cardiovascular risk.
- T3, Free (fT3) The unbound, biologically active portion of triiodothyronine (T3), the more potent thyroid hormone. Used to evaluate thyroid function.
- Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (Anti-TPO) An autoantibody that's the most common marker of autoimmune thyroid disease, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease.
- Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) A protein that binds and transports testosterone and estrogen in your blood, determining how much hormone is 'free' and active. Important for interpreting sex hormone results.
- HDL Particle Number (HDL-P) HDL particle number — counts your actual HDL ('good' cholesterol) particles rather than just the cholesterol they carry, offering a more detailed cardiovascular risk picture.
- Cortisol, Total Your main stress hormone, produced by the adrenal glands. Reflects adrenal function and helps evaluate conditions like Cushing's syndrome or adrenal insufficiency.
- Thyroglobulin Antibodies (Anti-Tg) An autoantibody against thyroglobulin. Elevated levels are associated with autoimmune thyroid conditions like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and checked before using thyroglobulin to monitor thyroid cancer.
- Lipoprotein(a) A genetically-determined, LDL-like particle. Elevated levels are an independent, largely inherited risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
- Apolipoprotein B The main protein found on LDL and other 'bad' cholesterol particles. Considered a strong indicator of cardiovascular risk, since each particle carries one ApoB molecule.
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH) A pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation in women and stimulates testosterone production in men. Used to evaluate fertility, menstrual irregularities, and reproductive hormone disorders.
This comprehensive panel assesses biomarkers related to hormonal health, thyroid function, metabolism, cardiovascular health, inflammation, nutrient status, and environmental exposures. The results can help provide a broader picture of overall health and support personalized wellness and treatment strategies.
Biomarkers
- Cortisol, Total Your main stress hormone, produced by the adrenal glands. Reflects adrenal function and helps evaluate conditions like Cushing's syndrome or adrenal insufficiency.
- Leptin A hormone released by fat cells that helps regulate appetite and energy balance. Levels generally rise with increased body fat.
- Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) Total Iron-Binding Capacity — reflects how much transferrin (the iron-carrying protein) is available in your blood, used with iron and ferritin to evaluate iron status.
- LP-IR Score Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Score — a composite score derived from lipoprotein particle measurements that estimates insulin resistance.
- Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) A protein that binds and transports testosterone and estrogen in your blood, determining how much hormone is 'free' and active. Important for interpreting sex hormone results.
- Prolactin A pituitary hormone best known for stimulating milk production; also checked to evaluate menstrual irregularities, fertility issues, or pituitary conditions in men and women.
- Large VLDL-P Counts the largest VLDL particles, which carry a high amount of triglycerides and are associated with greater cardiovascular risk.
- HDL Large The concentration of large HDL particles in your blood, measured as part of an advanced lipid panel to add detail on cardiovascular risk.
- Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) A hormone produced by developing egg follicles that reflects ovarian reserve — an estimate of how many eggs remain. Commonly used in fertility evaluations.
- Magnesium Measures magnesium, a mineral essential for muscle, nerve, heart, and bone function.
- T3, Free (fT3) The unbound, biologically active portion of triiodothyronine (T3), the more potent thyroid hormone. Used to evaluate thyroid function.
- Iron, Total Measures the iron circulating in your blood, used along with other markers (like ferritin and TIBC) to evaluate for iron deficiency or overload.
- Vitamin D, 25-OH, Total The combined measure of both major forms of vitamin D (D2 and D3) in your blood — the standard test used to assess overall vitamin D status.
- Antinuclear Antibodies Antibodies that target structures inside your own cells' nuclei. A positive result is a key screening marker for autoimmune conditions like lupus.
- LDL Size Measures the average size of your LDL ('bad' cholesterol) particles; smaller, denser particles are considered more likely to contribute to artery plaque.
- Thyroglobulin Antibodies (Anti-Tg) An autoantibody against thyroglobulin. Elevated levels are associated with autoimmune thyroid conditions like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and checked before using thyroglobulin to monitor thyroid cancer.
- Iron % Saturation The percentage of transferrin (your iron-carrying protein) that's currently occupied by iron — a key marker for detecting iron deficiency or overload.
- Lead (Venous) Measures lead levels in your blood, used to assess exposure to this toxic heavy metal.
- Mercury Measures mercury levels in your blood, used to assess exposure to this toxic heavy metal, often from certain fish or environmental sources.
- HDL Particle Number (HDL-P) HDL particle number — counts your actual HDL ('good' cholesterol) particles rather than just the cholesterol they carry, offering a more detailed cardiovascular risk picture.
- Apolipoprotein B The main protein found on LDL and other 'bad' cholesterol particles. Considered a strong indicator of cardiovascular risk, since each particle carries one ApoB molecule.
- Methylmalonic Acid A compound that builds up when vitamin B12 is deficient. A more sensitive marker of B12 status than a B12 blood level alone.
- Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S) The sulfated, more stable form of DHEA. A reliable marker of adrenal androgen production, used to evaluate adrenal function and androgen excess.
- T4, Free (fT4) The unbound, biologically active portion of thyroxine (T4), your main thyroid hormone. A core marker for evaluating thyroid function.
- Uric Acid A waste product from the breakdown of purines. Elevated levels are linked to gout and kidney stones, and can also reflect metabolic health.
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), % Free The percentage of your PSA that's unbound to blood proteins. A lower percentage raises suspicion for prostate cancer, helping refine an elevated total PSA result.
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH) A pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation in women and stimulates testosterone production in men. Used to evaluate fertility, menstrual irregularities, and reproductive hormone disorders.
- Free Testosterone The small portion of your testosterone that's unbound and biologically active, considered a more accurate reflection of usable hormone than total testosterone.
- Homocysteine An amino acid byproduct of protein metabolism. Elevated levels are linked to increased cardiovascular risk and can reflect low B vitamin (B12, folate, B6) status.
- Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity — reflects how much additional iron your blood's transferrin could still carry, used with iron and TIBC to assess iron status.
- C-Reactive Protein, High Sensitivity (hs-CRP) A sensitive marker of low-grade inflammation in the body, commonly used to help assess cardiovascular disease risk.
- Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Gamma-glutamyl transferase, a liver enzyme sensitive to bile duct problems and alcohol use, often used alongside other liver tests.
- Lipase An enzyme that helps digest fat, produced mainly by the pancreas. Elevated levels are a key marker for pancreatitis.
- Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (Anti-TPO) An autoantibody that's the most common marker of autoimmune thyroid disease, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease.
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) A protein made by the prostate gland. Used to help screen for and monitor prostate cancer, though it can also rise with benign prostate conditions.
- LDL Small Measures small, dense LDL particles, a lipid subfraction associated with higher cardiovascular risk and insulin resistance.
- Testosterone The primary male sex hormone, also present in women in smaller amounts. Evaluated for low testosterone symptoms, fertility, and reproductive hormone imbalances.
- Zinc Measures zinc, a trace mineral essential for immune function, wound healing, and taste/smell.
- ABO Group Identifies your blood type (A, B, AB, or O) based on antigens on your red blood cells. Essential for safely matching blood for transfusions or transplants.
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) A pituitary hormone that drives egg development in women and sperm production in men. Key marker for fertility and menopause evaluation.
- Amylase An enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates, produced mainly by the pancreas and salivary glands. Elevated levels can signal pancreatitis or salivary gland problems.
- Albumin The main protein made by your liver, which helps balance fluids and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications through your blood. Low levels can point to liver, kidney, or nutrition issues.
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), Free The unbound portion of prostate-specific antigen. Used alongside total PSA to help assess prostate cancer risk, especially when total PSA is borderline.
- HDL Size Measures the average size of your HDL ('good' cholesterol) particles, used alongside particle number for a more detailed cardiovascular risk assessment.
- Ferritin Reflects your body's stored iron levels. Low levels point to iron deficiency; high levels can indicate iron overload or, since it's also an inflammation marker, other conditions.
- VLDL Size Measures the average size of your VLDL particles, used alongside particle number for a more detailed cardiovascular risk assessment.
- Lipoprotein(a) A genetically-determined, LDL-like particle. Elevated levels are an independent, largely inherited risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
- LDL Particle Number LDL particle number — counts your actual LDL ('bad' cholesterol) particles rather than just the cholesterol they carry, often a stronger cardiovascular risk indicator than standard LDL cholesterol.
- Estradiol The main and most potent form of estrogen. Key for reproductive health in women and also present in men; used to evaluate menstrual, fertility, and hormone-related concerns.
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) A pituitary hormone that signals your thyroid to produce hormone. The primary screening test for both underactive and overactive thyroid conditions.
- Rheumatoid Factor Measures rheumatoid factor, an autoantibody often found in rheumatoid arthritis, used with other tests to help evaluate joint pain and inflammation.
- Rh Type Identifies whether your blood is Rh-positive or Rh-negative, an important factor for blood transfusions and pregnancy management.
ConsultationsConsultation
Not sure how to read your results? We can help.
Schedule a consultation with a Hormunity specialist. We’ll walk through every marker, interpret what it means for you, and map out the next steps for your care.
Book a specialist