Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a protein expressed in astrocytes, cells that support neurons and help form the blood-brain barrier, found within the central nervous system (CNS), and is involved in several important CNS processes. It is a marker of astrogliosis and is upregulated in the brain as a result of attempts at repair and the formation of a glial scar. Glial scarring occurs as a result of several neurodegenerative processes, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and neuromyelitis optica. It can also be seen after damaging pathological events such as traumatic brain injury and stroke [1]. Increased presence of GFAP can also be observed in association with brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme [2]. GFAP expression is known to decrease in disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression [3].
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