Back to Biomarkers
pH details
What pH shows
Urine pH is a measure of how acidic or alkaline your urine is, checked as part of a routine urinalysis. Your kidneys adjust it as they balance your body's acid levels, so it naturally varies with diet, time of day and hydration. A persistently acidic urine can be seen with high-protein diets, dehydration or some metabolic conditions, while alkaline urine can occur with plant-heavy diets, some urinary tract infections, or certain kidney tubule problems. pH also affects which types of kidney stones and crystals form. A single result says little on its own and is interpreted alongside the rest of the urinalysis.
Tests that include pH
This test is crucial for checking the chemical makeup of urine and its connection to different health conditions. It includes a dipstick test to quickly identify various substances in the urine and a microscopic exam to spot cells and other elements that shouldn't be there.
Biomarkers
- Amorphous Sediment Reports amorphous crystals in a urine sample, shapeless mineral deposits that form as urine cools and are usually not a sign of disease.
- Appearance Describes how clear or cloudy your urine sample looks, a basic part of urinalysis that can hint at infection, crystals or other particles.
- Bacteria Reports whether bacteria are seen in your urine sample, a clue to a possible urinary tract infection that is interpreted with other urine results.
- Bilirubin Checks for bilirubin in your urine, which is normally absent and can appear when the liver or bile ducts are not working properly.
- Calcium Oxalate Crystals Reports calcium oxalate crystals seen when a urine sample is examined under the microscope, which can be normal or linked to kidney stone risk.
- Casts Reports casts seen when a urine sample is examined under the microscope; casts form in the kidney's tubules and some types can point to kidney problems.
- Color Describes the color of your urine sample, a simple first observation in a urinalysis that can reflect hydration, foods, medications or substances such as blood.
- Crystals Looks for crystals in your urine under the microscope, which are often harmless but can sometimes relate to kidney stones, metabolism or medications.
- Glucose (Urine) Checks for glucose in your urine as part of a urinalysis, which can point to high blood sugar or, less often, a kidney handling problem.
- Granular Casts Granular casts are tiny particles seen under the microscope in urine; increased numbers can point to kidney tubule injury or kidney disease.
- Hyaline Casts Clear, cylinder-shaped protein structures formed in the kidney tubules, counted in urine microscopy as one of several clues to kidney function and hydration.
- Ketones Detects ketones in urine, substances made when your body burns fat for energy, used to look at fasting, low-carbohydrate diets, and diabetes control.
- Leukocyte Esterase Detects leukocyte esterase, an enzyme released by white blood cells, in urine, used as a sign of white cells that can point to a urinary tract infection.
- Nitrite Checks your urine for nitrite, which is produced when certain bacteria are present, as a screening sign of a urinary tract infection.
- Occult Checks your urine for hidden (occult) blood using a dipstick that reacts to hemoglobin from red blood cells, even when urine looks normal.
- pH Measures how acidic or alkaline your urine is, a routine part of urinalysis that can reflect diet, kidney handling of acid, and some infections.
- Protein A urinalysis screen for protein in your urine, used to look for signs that the kidneys may be leaking protein.
- Red Blood Cells (RBC), Urine Counts red blood cells seen under the microscope in your urine, used to look for bleeding anywhere in the kidneys or urinary tract.
- Renal Epithelial Cells Counts renal epithelial cells seen under the microscope in your urine, cells from the kidney tubules that can signal kidney injury.
- Specific Gravity Measures how concentrated your urine is compared with water, giving a quick look at hydration and the kidneys' ability to concentrate or dilute urine.
- Squamous Epithelial Cells Counts squamous epithelial cells in a urine sample, mainly showing whether the sample was contaminated by skin cells from the outer genital area.
- Transitional Epithelial Cells Counts transitional epithelial cells in urine, cells that line the bladder and urinary tract, as part of a routine urine microscopy.
- Triple Phosphate Crystals Detects triple phosphate (struvite) crystals in urine, which usually form in alkaline urine and can be linked to certain urinary infections.
- Uric Acid Crystals Detects uric acid crystals in a urine sample, which tend to form in acidic urine and can be linked to uric acid kidney stones.
- White Blood Cells (WBC), Urine Counts white blood cells in a urine sample, used mainly to look for inflammation or infection in the urinary tract.
- Yeast Reports yeast cells seen in a urine sample under the microscope, which can point to a yeast infection or to contamination of the sample.
This test uses a dipstick to analyze the chemical makeup of urine. It's a key tool for spotting health issues related to the chemicals found in urine.
Biomarkers
- Appearance Describes how clear or cloudy your urine sample looks, a basic part of urinalysis that can hint at infection, crystals or other particles.
- Bilirubin Checks for bilirubin in your urine, which is normally absent and can appear when the liver or bile ducts are not working properly.
- Color Describes the color of your urine sample, a simple first observation in a urinalysis that can reflect hydration, foods, medications or substances such as blood.
- Glucose (Urine) Checks for glucose in your urine as part of a urinalysis, which can point to high blood sugar or, less often, a kidney handling problem.
- Ketones Detects ketones in urine, substances made when your body burns fat for energy, used to look at fasting, low-carbohydrate diets, and diabetes control.
- Leukocyte Esterase Detects leukocyte esterase, an enzyme released by white blood cells, in urine, used as a sign of white cells that can point to a urinary tract infection.
- Nitrite Checks your urine for nitrite, which is produced when certain bacteria are present, as a screening sign of a urinary tract infection.
- Occult Checks your urine for hidden (occult) blood using a dipstick that reacts to hemoglobin from red blood cells, even when urine looks normal.
- pH Measures how acidic or alkaline your urine is, a routine part of urinalysis that can reflect diet, kidney handling of acid, and some infections.
- Protein A urinalysis screen for protein in your urine, used to look for signs that the kidneys may be leaking protein.
- Specific Gravity Measures how concentrated your urine is compared with water, giving a quick look at hydration and the kidneys' ability to concentrate or dilute urine.
This test is used to detect and manage a wide range of disorders, such as urinary tract infections, kidney disease, and diabetes.
Biomarkers
- Appearance Describes how clear or cloudy your urine sample looks, a basic part of urinalysis that can hint at infection, crystals or other particles.
- Bilirubin Checks for bilirubin in your urine, which is normally absent and can appear when the liver or bile ducts are not working properly.
- Color Describes the color of your urine sample, a simple first observation in a urinalysis that can reflect hydration, foods, medications or substances such as blood.
- Glucose (Urine) Checks for glucose in your urine as part of a urinalysis, which can point to high blood sugar or, less often, a kidney handling problem.
- Ketones Detects ketones in urine, substances made when your body burns fat for energy, used to look at fasting, low-carbohydrate diets, and diabetes control.
- Leukocyte Esterase Detects leukocyte esterase, an enzyme released by white blood cells, in urine, used as a sign of white cells that can point to a urinary tract infection.
- Nitrite Checks your urine for nitrite, which is produced when certain bacteria are present, as a screening sign of a urinary tract infection.
- Occult Checks your urine for hidden (occult) blood using a dipstick that reacts to hemoglobin from red blood cells, even when urine looks normal.
- pH Measures how acidic or alkaline your urine is, a routine part of urinalysis that can reflect diet, kidney handling of acid, and some infections.
- Protein A urinalysis screen for protein in your urine, used to look for signs that the kidneys may be leaking protein.
- Specific Gravity Measures how concentrated your urine is compared with water, giving a quick look at hydration and the kidneys' ability to concentrate or dilute urine.
- Urobilinogen, Semi-Qn Measures urobilinogen in urine, a breakdown product of bilirubin, as part of a urinalysis that helps look at liver function and red cell breakdown.
ConsultationsConsultation
Not sure how to read your results? We can help.
Schedule a consultation with a Hormunity specialist. We’ll walk through every marker, interpret what it means for you, and map out the next steps for your care.
Book a specialist